The baccalaurÃÆ'Â at ( French pronunciation: Ã, [bakalo? Ea] ) , often known in French daily as bac bac, is an academic qualification taken by French students after high school. It was introduced by Napoleon I in 1808. This is the primary diploma required to pursue university studies. There are also European young scholars who are taken by students at the end of the European School's education. It confirms a unified secondary education and provides access to a variety of university education. This differs from the level of A UK and Scottish Highers, but is similar to a two year diploma of North American College, in that it is received comprehensively and can be obtained in streams requiring high levels in a number of different subjects, depending on the flow. The general flow is: Science, Economics and Social Sciences, and Literature.
Video Baccalauréat
Overview
Just like an English A level or a European Matura, baccalaurÃÆ'Â © at allows French and international students to obtain a standard qualification, usually at the age of 18. It qualifies the holder to work in a particular field, goes to higher education, or earns some other professional qualifications or training.
Although not legally required, most students in their final year of high school take the final exam. Unlike some US high school diplomas, this exam is not to complete but to enter university.
The word bac is also used to refer to one of the year-end exams students must pass to obtain a baccalaurÃÆ' Â © at certificate: le bac de philo >, for example, is a philosophy exam, which all students must take, regardless of their field of study.
In France, there are three main types of baccalaurÃÆ'Â at :
- the baccalaurÃÆ' Â © at gÃÆ' Â © nÃÆ' Â © ral (general baccalaalaureate);
- baccalaurÃÆ' Â © in professionnel (professional baccalaalaureate);
- baccalaurÃÆ' Â © in technology (undergraduate technology).
For admission to a regular university in France, however, there are some restrictions to the type of baccalaurÃÆ'Â © in which can be presented. In some cases, it is possible to enter a French university without bac by taking a special exam, a diploma for admission to higher education .
Although most students take bac at the end of secondary school, it is also possible to enter as candidat libre (literally, "free candidate") without affiliation to school. Students who do not take a bac after completing high school (or failing) and want to attend university, or feel that bac will help them achieve professional aspirations, can use this option. Trials are no different from those given to high school students, except that free candidates are tested in Physical Education, while the Physical Education grades of students are calculated on the basis of year-round evaluation.
Maps Baccalauréat
BaccalaurÃÆ'Â © at gÃÆ' Â © nÃÆ' Â © Â © ral stream
Students sitting for baccalaurÃÆ'Â © at gÃÆ' Â © nÃÆ' Â © ral choose one of three streams (called sÃÆ' Â © ries ) in the second half lycÃÆ' Â © e coefficients ) associated with each subject. Other terminologies are sometimes used, which existed prior to 1994, and subsequently shared various sÃÆ' Â © ries . Until now, it is possible to sit for bac C or D (now S), B (now ES), or A1, A2, A3 (now L). People who passed baccalaurÃÆ'Â at the beginning of this reform still use this terminology when they mention their diploma. However, the flow for baccalaurÃÆ'Â © at gÃÆ' Â © nÃÆ' Â © ral is now as follows:
The baccalaurÃÆ' Â © at allows students to choose to take exams in more than forty languages ​​of the world or French regional languages ​​(such as Alsatian, Catalan or Norman).
Content
SÃÆ' Â © rie scientifique ( S)
The S flow prepares students to work in scientific fields such as medicine, engineering and natural sciences. Natural science students should specialize in Mathematics, Physics & amp; Chemistry, computer science, or Earth & amp; Life Sciences.
Students from BaccalaurÃÆ' Â © in ÃÆ' Â © conomique et social prepare careers in social sciences, in Philosophy (and other human sciences) in management and business administration, and in economics. Economic Subject & amp; Social Science is the most weighed and offered only in this genre. History & amp; Geography and Mathematics are also important subjects in ES.
Sà © Å © rie littà © raire (L)
Students in the L stream prepare for a career in humanity such as education, linguistics, litterature, law, History (and other social sciences), and public services. They also have an interest in art. The most important subjects in the literary genre are Philosophy and French & amp; literature and other languages, usually English, German, and Spanish.
BaccalaurÃÆ' Â © in technology
Format
The majority of baccalaurÃÆ'Â © at checks took place in a week in June. For students lycÃÆ' Â © e , this is the end of last year, terminale .
Most exams are given in essay form. Students are given a substantial time block (depending on the exam, from two to five hours) to complete the double-page, well-discussed papers. The number of filled pages varies from exam to exam but is usually quite large considering all answers should be written, explained and justified. Math and science exams are a problem, but some science questions also require answers to the type of essay. Foreign language exams often include short translation sections as well. In S flow, Mathematics and Earth & amp; Life Sciences tests sometimes contain multiple multiple-choice tests ( multiforme ÃÆ' choix questionnaires ).
All students should also work on a research project called travaux personnels encadrÃÆ'Â © s or TPE. This is generally done in groups of 2, 3 or 4 and focuses on subjects defined by students under the supervision of a faculty member.
When taken in mainland France, material baccalaurÃÆ' Â © at is the same for all students in a particular stream. The secrecy surrounding the material is very strict and the envelope containing the exam is opened by a high school officer (usually the principal or vice principal) in front of the examinees just minutes before the start of the exam. The procedure is the same for each subject, in every stream. Students usually have an identification number and a prescribed seat. This number is written on all exam materials and its name is hidden by folding and sealing the top right corner of the check sheet. In this way, anonymity is respected. Correcting staff are usually members of faculty in the same district or, on a larger scale, at the same acadÃÆ'Â © nie . To avoid a conflict of interest, a teacher who has given a speech to a student or group of students can not assess their exam. Also, to ensure greater objectivity in the testers section, this test is anonymous. Classroom students only see exam papers with serial numbers, with all personal identifiers stripped and banned from appearing, limiting every favoritism by sex, religion, national origin, or ethnicity.
Unlike English GCSE, Scottish Class Standard or American SAT, French baccalaurÃÆ' Â © at is not a fully standardized test. Since most of the answers - even to biological questions - are given in essay form, their grades can vary from graders to grads, especially in subjects such as French philosophy and literature.
Students generally take the French language and literature test at the end of premiÃÆ'¨re , due to the fact that this subject is not taught in terminale (where it is replaced with a philosophy course). It also has an oral examination component, along with a written section. Oral exams include works learned throughout premiÃÆ'¨re .
System weight
Each baccalaurÃÆ' Â © at stream has its own set of subjects that each carry a different weight ( coefficient ). This allows some subjects to be more important than others. For example, in ES flow, Economy & amp; Social Science carries more weight than Natural Science; so, the first is more important than the last. Students usually learn more for exams that carry heavier loads because the scores they get in these exams have a greater impact on their average value. Whether one or not pass the bac and/or receive the final respect is determined in this calculation means.
Options Internationale du BaccalaurÃÆ'Â © in
The common baccalaurÃÆ'Â Â in offers some additional variants. The most recognizable subsets are "internationale du baccalaurÃÆ' Ã… © at" option, OIB. This sometimes confusingly translates as "French international baccalaalaureat". However it is not related to International Baccalaureate (IB).
OIB adds further subjects to the French national examination. Students choose either a stream of L, ES or S. This is different when students take a two-year syllabus in literature, history and geography in a foreign language. The syllabus and the way it is examined is modeled on the national exam of the target nation. For example, the English Section (managed by Cambridge University) modeled A-level programs in English, History and Geography. Therefore it needs to be fully bilingual to complete this qualification. To date there are 15 different sections that support 14 different languages. The list is as follows: American (US), Arabic, English, Chinese, Danish, Dutch, German, Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and Swedish.
At the end of "Terminale", OIB students have additional exams in Literature and History/Geography. The exam has a high weight in the final sign of the bac and they do not give extra points to the OIB students. Overall, these students work much more (up to an additional 10 hours per week class with significant reading and homework assignments also attached) than other baccalaurÃÆ'Â Â Ã…s on students and many of them tend to go to foreign universities. University admission teachers often consider reducing entry requirements for students who take OIB compared to those who take the standard Baccalaeureate standard, to reflect additional demands from OIB.
Because students who attend these schools make fairly small demographics, they tend to be scattered in areas much larger than those traditionally expected from normal or high school. As a result, many of these students had to go a long way, with an hour's drive each way becoming commonplace. Add this long trip to a longer day and the increased workload that comes with OIB, and the result is that the system is very demanding of students, and it's not unusual for those who can not handle the workload to transfer to schools that teach French standard undergraduate young. This is one of the main reasons why many consider the OIB qualification to be very challenging, and it is not just a mark of academic proficiency but also one of tenacity and hard work.
Different languages ​​in BaccalaurÃÆ'Â © in
To test foreign or regional language students they may choose between these different languages ​​(all languages ​​listed are not always taught in all schools): English, German, Arabic, Armenian, Cambodian, Chinese, Danish, Spanish, Finnish, Modern Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Dutch, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Turkish, Vietnamese; local languages: Basque, Breton, Catalan, Corsican, Auvergnat, Gascon, Languedoc, Limousin, NiÃÆ'§ard, ProvenÃÆ'§al, Vivaro-Alpine, Alsace regional languages ​​of Moselle), Tahitian, Albanian, Amharic, Melanesian, Bambara , Berber, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Korea, Croatia, Hausa, Hindi, Hungary, Indonesia, Malaysia, Laos, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malagasy, Persian, Fulani, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Swedish, Swahili, Tamil, Czech.
Passing and honor
The pass mark is 10 out of 20. The success rate of 2014 for baccalaurÃÆ'Â Â © at in mainland France is 87.9%.
For baccalaurÃÆ' Â © at , three levels of awards are given:
- Marks between 12 and 13.99 will produce mention assez bien (honor);
- Marks between 14 and 15.99 will produce mention bien (high honor);
- Mark 16 or higher will get mention trÃÆ'¨s bien (highest award).
Extraordinary candidates who score more than 18 can be awarded by an unofficial and extremely rare jury of the jury du (the highest award with praise) mentioned by hand on the official baccalaurÃÆ'Â di at document.
Honors are prestigious but not important, because admissions to the prÃÆ' Â © class of paratoires (or preparatory classes, preparing students for the grande exam ÃÆ'Â © cole) were decided several months before the exam.
French educators rarely use the whole scoring scale. The same applies when marking baccalaurÃÆ' Â © at . Therefore, students are very unlikely to get 20 out of 20 or more (actually it is possible to get over 20, thanks to the option). Also very rarely see a score lower than 5.
Class inflation has been a concern. Between 2005 and 2016 the proportion of students receiving honors in general bac doubled.
Europe section
The European section is an option in French high school to teach subjects through European languages ​​other than French. It also gives students the opportunity to have more hours in the language learned. It is also an opportunity to learn more about the culture of the country in which you speak the language. That is, if you study History in Spanish, you will mainly study the History of Spain and Central and South America. Teachers present their lessons in English, German, Italian or Spanish.
At the end of their secondary school, students may receive a section "European section" mention on their baccalaureat. To have this mention, they should get at least a 12/20 mark on their language exams and a 10/20 mark on additional oral exams on subjects in the language.
For example, if you choose to study History in Spanish as an additional subject, you must take Spanish exams like your classmates (who do not have History in Spanish) and earn at least a 12/20 mark, and you must also pass the exam verbal discusses history in Spanish, and you should get at least a 10/20 mark on this exam.
Additional checks
If a student averages between 8 and 10, he/she is allowed to sit for ÃÆ' Â © preuve de rattrapage (also called second groupe ), an additional oral test given in two elective subjects. If the student is successful enough in this exam to raise the overall weighted value to 10, then he/she will receive baccalaurÃÆ'Â © in . If a student performs poorly in orals and receives under 10, he may choose to repeat the last year of lycae ( terminale ).
Students can not choose to retake the entire exam in September, because the September exam can only be taken by those who have not been able to take the June exam for serious reasons (such as illness).
Receiving baccalaurÃÆ'Â © in in the United States
There are a small number of schools that prepare students for baccalaurÃÆ'Â © at in the United States. If not, it is possible to prepare baccalaurÃÆ'Â © in with CNED, a French public institution under the supervision of the education department dedicated to providing distance learning materials. Of course, this can only be taken after completing the required course, which is entirely in French. Upon receiving baccalaurÃÆ'Â © at , students who wish to pursue post-secondary studies in the United States will generally submit their lycÃÆ'Â © e/SMA transcripts to a college or university admissions office. If it is decided that the course, along with the standard American test scores, application essays, and letters of recommendation, is eligible, students holding baccalaurÃÆ'Â © at will be admitted to the degree program they have applied.
See also
- An academic assessment in France
- Education in France
- BaccalaurÃÆ' Â © in technology field
- International Baccalaureate
- Baccalaalaureate Europe Note
- The formula is taken from the Lycà © à © Claudel, lycà ©  e website in Ottawa, Canada and may be only accurate for Canada - and even Ontarian - percentage values. In Ontario, the 80% score is "A" on the American Scale and students are awarded the Ontario Scholar Diploma. The 90% value is A on the US Scale is considered a value with awards and automatically qualifies students for government funded scholarships and burseuries. The formula should be used for comparison only.
- The French Ministry of Education website
- Sayare, Scott. "Rite of Passage for French Students Received a Bad Class." (Print title: "Rite of Passage for French Students Receiving a Poor Class") The New York Times . Published online June 27, 2013. Published on 28 June 2013, p. Issue A11, New York.
- Graph of Class Equality
- OIB Revision Site
References
Further reading
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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