Smoking cigarettes to lose weight is a practice associated with early knowledge of nicotine as an appetite suppressant.
The use of tobacco is associated with appetite suppression among pre-Columbian native peoples and the old Europeans in the world. For decades, tobacco companies have used this connection between flexibility and smoking in their ads, especially in brands and ads that target women. Culturally, the relationship between smoking and weight control goes deep. Although it is unclear how many people started or continued to smoke because of weight problems, research shows that white girls with weight-related anxiety are especially vulnerable to starting smoking. Although knowledge of the effects of nicotine on appetite may contribute to people who smoke for the purpose of weight control, studies have not shown that people smoke exclusively to maintain or lose weight.
Video Cigarette smoking for weight loss
Although smoking is widely blocked by public health professionals because of its innumerable negative health consequences, nicotine can be an appetite suppressant. Nicotine can reduce appetite and affect one's eating habits. A study of the effects of nicotine on appetite suggests that "net nicotine effects include high blood pressure, heart rate, and gastric motility while generating a sustained decrease in dietary intake." Autonomous, sensory, and enteric neurons are each potentially important locus for mediation nicotine changes in eating behavior. "Thus the cultural association between smoking and weight control partially reflects the body's physiological reactions to nicotine.
Nicotine gum has a similar effect to cigarettes in terms of appetite suppression, and there are some people who do not smoke, but use nicotine gum for the purpose of weight control or weight loss.
Nicotine can also lower insulin levels in a person's bloodstream, which can reduce the desire for sweet foods. Furthermore, "the effects of nicotine triggered from adrenaline on abdominal muscles" leads to feelings while hunger subsides. Other studies have shown that smokers spend more calories when engaging in activity, echoing the conclusion that smokers have increased metabolic rates. Also worth noting is the nature of nicotine diuretics, which causes lower levels of calcium in the blood.
There is much controversy as to whether smokers are actually thinner than nonsmokers. Several studies have shown that smokers - including long-term and current smokers - weigh less than nonsmokers, and gain weight over time. In contrast, certain longitudinal studies have not shown a correlation between weight loss and smoking at least among young people. Thus, while the relationship between nicotine and appetite suppression, as well as other physiological responses to nicotine consumption, has been established, whether these chemical and biological reactions are translated to thinner smokers than nonsmokers (at least on certain age groups), is debatable.. Age may act as a compounding factor in some of these studies. Basically, causal relationships have not been explicitly defined between the physiological effects of nicotine and epidemiologic findings on weight gain among smokers and nonsmokers.
Maps Cigarette smoking for weight loss
Smoking and perception of weight control among teenagers
While most adults do not smoke to control weight, research shows that the link between tobacco use, leanness and the desire to control weight does affect teens in terms of smoking behavior. Research shows that very skinny teenage girls are more likely to start smoking. In addition, girls who are already engaged in risky behaviors to control weight also have an increased chance of starting smoking as well.
Further research needs to examine trends in ethnicity regarding women and smoking to control weight. So far, studies have shown that young white women may be more likely to use cigarettes to regulate their weight. Ads for certain brands and cigarettes seem to target this demographic.
Several studies have been conducted over the last decade examining this issue in depth. Although it has generally been found that white women are more likely to smoke to lose weight, one study found that smoking to lower or control weight was not confined to white women, but prevalent in racial and gender borders. In all racial groups, it was found that attention to body weight and negative body perception was an important factor in the decision of adolescents to smoke. The relationship between weight and smoking among young men was only statistically significant in the white or mixed race group.
In the past, studies have shown that adolescent girls consider weight loss or weight control to be one of the positive values ​​of smoking. Overall, young women and girls who worry about weight control, especially those who are already using unhealthy weight control techniques, are at a higher risk of smoking.
Smoking history to lose weight in ads
It is not always socially acceptable for women to smoke or use tobacco in public. However, for about fifty years, the tobacco industry will change people's attitudes through nicotine advertising channels and public relations, turning tobacco use into a desired hobby for female consumers both in the United States and abroad.
Pre-1920
Before the 1920s, smoking was largely a male hobby and was considered a taboo act for women to participate. During the 19th century, smoking and cigarettes were generally associated with loose morals and sexual promiscuity. A common proportion in Victorian erotic pornography, cigarettes is even considered a prostitute of work and sex workers. Even into the early 20th century, women face the possibility of arrest if they are caught smoking in public.
1920-1968
During the first decades of the twentieth century, women will begin to experience upward socioeconomic mobility with the American women's rights movement as they gain new civil liberties. With the outbreak of World War I, as they experienced the responsibility and freedom that grew up in front of the house, more and more women used cigarettes as a tool to challenge traditional notions of female behavior. However, it will ultimately be a strong marketing influence of the tobacco industry that will turn cigarettes from social responsibility into a commodity that is acceptable and desirable for women to openly indulge themselves. However, many of the questions whether or not tobacco will become so common among women. if the tobacco industry did not take advantage of a liberating social climate in the 1920s and 30s to exploit emancipation ideas and power to recruit women's untapped markets.
Target waistlines
The President of the American Tobacco Company, Percival Hill, was one of the first tobacco executives to find women's markets. Noting the 1920's penchant for bob hair, short skirts and slim figures, Mr. Hill saw the potential to sell cigarettes as an appetite suppressant so that women could reach a small waistline a decade of fun.
"Get Lucky"
Created by Albert Lasker for Mr. Hill and Lucky Strike, the "Fortune-Up" campaign is one of the most successful advertising campaigns, albeit controversial in the history of modern advertising. Inspired by other campaigns that offer male consumers the reason why they should smoke certain brands (ie Lucky Strike's "It's Toasted") campaign, Lasker is trying to give women market a reason to smoke as well.
Borrowing from the slogan of Lydia Pinkham's Compound from the 19th century, "Reach for a Vegetable," which is marketed for women to reduce menstrual discomfort, Lasker and Lucky Strike launched the campaign "Take Lucky Rather than Sweet" in 1925, followed by " For a Slender Figure - Reach for a Lucky Than of Sweet "in 1928. Print ads were disseminated by Edward Bernays throughout the fashion industry in fashion magazines and daily newspapers featuring sleek Parisian models and proclaiming the dangers. sugar consumption. Famous, Amelia Earhart will also serve as a spokesperson for the "Lucky Untung" campaign.
Initially, print ads only featured attractive women with one variation of the slogan above or below, accompanied by rendering of the Lucky Strike Box. Then, the ad will make a sharper statement about gaining weight, featuring a man or woman in profile view with the shadow of his fat-looking shadow behind. Although these initial ads will focus on men and women, further variations will target women specifically.
In The Cigarette Century, Allen Brandt explained that the campaign was revolutionary in targeting female consumers as well as in its aggressive marketing strategy that positioned it in direct opposition with candy producers. Shortly after the campaign was released, the National Confectioners Association fired Lucky Strike, threatened legal action and published anti-smoking literature that underscored the importance of candy in a healthy and balanced diet. The dispute between Lucky Strike and the National Confectioners Association has finally attracted the attention of the Federal Trade Commission that ordered Lucky Strike to "release all dietary claims for Luckies" in its advertisement.
Importantly, this campaign will serve to create a significant relationship between smoking and feminine values ​​of style, beauty and slimness. Additionally, Allen Brandt writes that the campaign ultimately "promotes products and behaviors that... have a specific and exciting social meaning of glamor, beauty, autonomy, and equality" that will become identical in future consumer advertising campaigns targeting consumers women. The Lucky Strike message is very effective, increasing the company's market share by more than 200% and making it the most profitable cigarette brand for two years in a row.
"Freedom Torch"
After "Reach for Lucky Campaigns," Lucky Strike strives to forever change the smoking taboo by encouraging women to smoke publicly in public. In a famous publicity stunt, Edward Bernays hired some attractive young women to march in the Easter parade on Sunday in New York while holding up their "freedom torch" - their Lucky Strike cigarettes. While this campaign does not market cigarettes as a weight-loss tool, it sets a precedent for new trends in niche marketing that will shape the way of the future in which the industry will put new types of cigarettes as a weight-loss tool. In addition, it will forever change the public's thinking about women smoking, transforming the action of the transgressive into a normalized feminine behavior.
1968-present
In 1964, the Surgeon General of the United States released the Report of the Surgeon's Advisory Committee on Health and Smoking. The report leads to the Federal Cigarette Label and Advertisement Act of 1965, which will mandate that all cigarette packs display warning labels and will change the way the tobacco industry reaches consumers through advertising. In April 1964, with the Federal Trade Commission law delayed, the tobacco industry would take a self-regulatory program in its advertising. This program will be known as the Cigarette Ad Code, and as explained by Allen Brandt, the program:
- promise to ban all cigarette advertisements intended for those under twenty-one; to prohibit all unproven health claims; and to ban the theme of 'masculinity'. It also ensures that models under the age of twenty-five will not be used in tobacco advertising, nor will testimonials by entertainers or athletes be allowed. Finally, the code prohibits ads that describe smoking as 'important' to social excellence, difference, success, or sexual attraction. '
Under these regulations, the tobacco industry can no longer market cigarettes directly to women as a weight-loss tool as they did in the past. Instead, they will rely on a more subversive form of marketing to target women's issues with weight management.
Virginia Slims
In 1968, shortly after the introduction of the Cigarette Advertising Code, Philip Morris introduced a brand new cigarette called Virginia Slims. Following Lucky Strike's lead, Virginia Slims is specifically marketed to young, prosperous, and independent women with taglines created by advertising agency, Leo Burnett, "You have traveled a long way, baby" referring to the history of women's liberation.. With colorful pastel packages and women-oriented print ads featuring beautiful and elegant women, Philip Morris tries to create cigarettes that embody women's attention with glamor, style and body image. In addition, the brand creates a gap in the market that distinguishes between male and female cigarettes.
But perhaps most importantly, Virginia Slims attract women's aspirations about slimness in their name: Virginia "Slims" - a key value that is not lost to the consumer. In The Cigarette Century , Allen Brandt recounts the case of the United States Supreme Court, Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc., where tobacco users Rose Cipollone filed suit against Liggett and Myers, Lorillard and Philip Morris in five separate lawsuits, citing their cigarettes as causing the cancer. During his deposition, Cipollone recounted his smoking history, noting that he switched to Virginia Slims in 1968 because a woman-centered sign appealed to him. Brandt writes that Cipollone describes cigarettes as "the first cigarette for women only... designed to be slimmer for lighter women's hands and lips... and packed in sleek purse bags."
Although Federal Trade Commission regulations prohibit brands from claiming health benefits such as weight loss, Virginia Slims attracts women with aesthetic elasticity with its elongated shape and narrow circumference. Although traditional cigarettes are 84mm long, Virginia Slims has a length of 100 and 120mm which gives a more beautiful or elegant appearance in cigarettes. In addition, with a 23mm circumference, a slim cigarette is said to produce less smoke than a traditional cigarette. Lean cigarettes are becoming popular in certain countries.
Virginia Slims and athletic
Cigarettes have a long tradition of being combined with athletics, health and fitness. In the early half of the 19th century, Durham Bull cigarettes were the official sponsor of professional baseball, horse racing and golf, and in the 1950s, Camel used to sport images in their print ads.
Thus, it was unheard of when Virginia Slims sponsored the Women's Tennis Association in 1970, later known as the "Virginia Slims Circuit". With these incredible sponsors, many ads featuring great games like Billie Jean King and Rosemary Casals along with the Virginia Slims logo.
Other Virginia Slims ads feature slim women in various activity circumstances (dancing, running, ice skating, etc.) thus promoting a general attitude of health and fitness.
New gender issue
The new field of study examines the ways in which tobacco companies target the gay community through advertising. Like an initial niche ad that appeals to female consumers, gay tobacco advertising uses the theme of masculinity and body image, though it is unclear whether gay men tend to smoke to control weight. While the marketing of the tobacco industry of the gay community is legal, many in society have expressed disagreement over the pointed industry tactics.
Smoking cess
Weight gain as a side effect of quitting smoking remains a key aspect of smoking and weight control. People can be discouraged by the weight gain experienced by quitting smoking. Weight gain is a common experience during smoking cessation, with about 75% of smokers gaining weight after quitting. Because nicotine is an appetite suppressant and smokers secrete more energy, weight gain due to quitting smoking is generally associated with increased calorie intake and slower metabolic rate.
Weight gain can be a barrier in the process of quitting smoking, even if many smokers do not smoke for the purpose of weight control. Those who are in the process of quitting smoking are advised to follow a healthy diet and exercise regularly. Most advice stops encouraging people not to be discouraged if they gain weight when quitting smoking, since the health benefits of quitting almost always exceed the cost of weight gain. Research has shown that weight gain during the smoking cessation process can often be lost eventually through diet and exercise.
See also
- Nicotine marketing
- Nicotine withdrawal
- Weight
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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