A yard classification (American and Canadian English) or grinding bases (English, Hong Kong, Indian, Australian and British English) are train pages found at some freight train stations , used to separate the train car to one of several tracks. First the car is taken to the track, sometimes called lead or drill . From there, the car is sent through a series of switches called ladder to the classification track. Larger yards tend to place leads on an artificial hill called hump to use the force of gravity to push the car through the staircase.
Trains of goods consisting of isolated cars must be made into trains and divided according to their purpose. Thus the car should be shortened several times along their different routes with the unit train, which carries, for example, cars from factory to port, or coal from mine to power plant. This shunting is done partly on the initial and final destination and partly (for long-hauling distance) on the classification yard.
Video Classification yard
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Flat lines are built on flat ground, or on sloping slopes. Cars are driven by locomotives and beaches to the locations they need.
Hump yard
Hump yard is the largest and most effective classification yard, with the largest shunting capacity, often several thousand cars a day. The heart of this yard is the hump - the main line on a small hill where a machine pushes cars. Single cars, or blocks of paired cars, are released shortly before or at the top of a hump, and roll over with gravity to their tracks on tracks where cars are sorted, called a bowl of classification .
The speed of a car rolled from a hump into a classification bowl should be arranged according to whether they are full or empty, heavy or light loads, axle counts, whether there are multiple or many cars on the classification track, and various weather conditions, including temperature, speed and direction wind. Because it involves regulating speed, there are two types of footrest - without or by mechanization by the retarder. In long braking, retarders are usually performed in Europe by railroad workers who put roller skates onto a track. Slide the wheel or wheel manually (or, in rare cases, mechanically) placed on one or both rails so that the pedals or rims of wheels or wheels cause retardation of friction and result in the cessation of rail cars. In the United States this braking is done by motorists on the car. In modern retarders, this work is done with a mechanical "mechanical brake" called a retarder, which brakes the car by gripping the wheel. They are operated either pneumatically or hydraulically. Pneumatic systems are prevalent in the United States, France, Belgium, Russia and China, while hydraulic systems are used in Germany, Italy and the Netherlands.
Classification Classification in Europe typically consists of 20 to 40 tracks, divided into several fans or song balloons, usually with eight classification tracks following retarder in each, often 32 tracks altogether. In the United States, many classification bowls have more than 40 songs - often divided into six to ten classification tracks in each balloon circle.
Bailey Yard in North Platte, Nebraska, United States, the largest classification page in the world, is the backyard. Other major American yards include the Yard of Argentina in Kansas City, Kansas, the world's second largest, Robert Young Yard at Elkhart, Indiana, Clearing Yard in Chicago, Illinois, Englewood Yard in Houston, Texas, and Waycross Rice Yard in Waycross, Georgia. Specifically, in Europe, Russia and China, all the major classification yard is the yard. The largest yard in Europe is Maschen near Hamburg, Germany; just a bit smaller than Bailey Yard. The second largest is in the port of Antwerp, Belgium. Most yards are single yards with one bowl of classification, but some, most are very large, the yard has two of them, one for each direction, thus is two yards, like Maschen, Antwerp, Clearing, and Bailey yard. By PRRT & amp; HS PRR Chronology, the first yard in the United States opened May 11, 1903 as part of Altoona Yards at Bells Mills (East Altoona). Other sources reported the PRR page at Youngwood, PA which opened in the 1880s to serve Connellsville's coke fields as the first US courtyard.
Gravity page
The point of gravity is operated similarly to the yard but, in contrast to the latter, the entire yard is set on a continuous falling gradient. When they were created in the 19th century, saving shunting machines instead of letting cars roll over because gravity is seen as a major benefit, while the greater amount of manual work required to stop rolling cars on classification tracks is considered unimportant. Gravity yard is a historic step in the development of the classification yard and then judged to be lower than the yard, as it becomes clear that shunting machines are needed (at least in bad weather like high winds or cold temperatures when oil in bearings) becomes thicker), and because manual work is getting relatively more expensive. Thus, only a few yards of gravity has ever been built, sometimes requiring massive ground work (one example is Germany's first gravity page in Dresden).
Most gravity yards are built in Germany and Great Britain, some also in some other European countries, for example? Yard near Zawiercie on the Warsaw-Vienna Railway (in Poland). In the US, there is little old gravity yard; one of the few gravity yards that operate today is Readville Yard south of Boston, Massachusetts.
Almost all gravity yards have been installed with bumps and work as yard. Examples include Dresden Friedrichstadt and NÃÆ'ürnberg (Nuremberg) Rbf (Rbf: Rangierbahnhof , "yard classification"), both in German.
Maps Classification yard
Picture gallery
See also
- Goods station
- List of railway bases
- Fence page
- Siding (rails)
- Shift (rel)
References
External links
- Crossing, Increased Sidings and Marshalling Yards
- Yard Duty Freight Yard Simulation Game
- Villon - terminal transport simulation tool
- Time-lapse video from hump-shunting German page operations
Source of the article : Wikipedia