Combined injectable birth control

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Combined contraceptive ( CIC ) is a form of hormonal birth control for women. They consist of injections of monthly combined formulations containing estrogen and progestin to prevent pregnancy.

Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is a different injectable contraceptive, containing only progestin, administered every three months. This is a progestogen-only injectable contraceptive only.

Hormonal contraceptives work primarily by preventing ovulation, but can also thicken cervical mucus that inhibits sperm penetration. Hormonal contraceptives also have an effect on the endometrium, which can theoretically affect implantation,

Video Combined injectable birth control

Medical use

CIC is given by intramuscular injection to the deltoid, gluteus maximus, or anterior thigh. This is ideally given every 28 to 30 days, although it has been proven effective for up to 33 days.

Available form

CICs that have been marketed include the following:

• Dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide 150 mg and estradiol enanthate 10 mg (Deladroxate, Perlutal, Topasel, Perlutan) - available in Latin America and Spain
• Hydroxyprogesterone caproate 250Ã, mg and estradiol valerate 5Ã, mg ("Chinese Injectable Number 1") - available in China
• Medroxyprogesterone acetate 25 mg and estradiol cypionate 5 mg (Cyclo-Provera, Cyclofem, Feminena, Lunelle, Novafem)
• Megestrol acetate 25 mg and 3.5 mg estradiol (Mego-E) - available in China
• Norethisterone enanthate 50 mg and estradiol valerate 5 mg (Mesigyna)

Maps Combined injectable birth control

Side effects

The most prominent side effects are menstrual irregularity during the first 3 to 6 months of use.

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Pharmacology

CIC contains estrogen and progestin. Estrogens are generally estradiol esters, which act as prodrug estradiol. Progestin is a progestogen ester, which may or may not act as a prodrug. Steroid esters form a depot and have a long duration of action when administered with intramuscular or subcutaneous injection.

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History

• October 5, 2000, Pharmacia receives FDA approval for Lunelle Monthly Contraceptive Injection.
• April 2003, Pharmacia was acquired by Pfizer (maker of Depo-Provera (DMPA)).
• October 2003, Lunelle discontinued in the US.

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See also

• Concept Platform
• Extension of combined hormonal contraceptive cycle
• Depo-Provera, a reversible long-acting contraceptive
• Progestogen alone injection contraceptives
• Reproductive Health Coalition
• oral contraceptives containing Estradiol

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Footnote

Source of the article : Wikipedia