Both electrical and electronic engineers usually have an academic degree with a major in electrical/electronic engineering. The length of study for the degree is usually three or four years and a completed degree may be designated as a Bachelor of Engineering, Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Applied Science depending on the university.
Video Education and training of electrical and electronics engineers
Scope of undergraduate education
Levels generally include units that include physics, mathematics, project management and specific topics in electrical and electronic engineering. Initially the topic covers most, if not all, of the sub-fields of electrical engineering. Students then choose to specialize in one or more sub fields towards the end of the degree. In most countries, an engineering degree is the first step toward certification and the degree program itself is certified by a professional body. Upon completion of a certified degree program, engineers must meet various requirements (including work experience requirements) before being certified. After being certified, the engineer is appointed as a Professional Engineer (in the United States and Canada), Chartered Engineer (in England, Ireland, India, Pakistan, South Africa and Zimbabwe), Chartered Professional Engineer (in Australia) or European Engineer (in most EU).
Maps Education and training of electrical and electronics engineers
Postgraduate study
Electrical engineers may also choose to pursue a postgraduate degree such as a Master of Engineering, a Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering or an Engineer degree. A Master's degree and an Engineer may consist of research, course or a mixture of both. The Doctor of Philosophy consists of a significant research component and is often seen as an entrance to academia. In the UK and other European countries, the Master of Engineering is often regarded as a bachelor degree with a slightly longer duration than a Bachelor of Engineering.
Typical electrical/electronic engineering, undergraduate syllabus
Regardless of the electromagnetic and network theory, other items in the syllabus are specific to the electronic engineering course. Electrical Engineering programs have other specializations such as machinery, power generation and distribution. Note that the following list excludes large amounts of mathematics (perhaps separate from the last year) included in the study each year.
Electromagnetic
Vector calculus elements: divergence and curl; Gauss 'and Stokes' theorem, Maxwell's equations: differential and integral forms. Wave equation, Poynting vector. Plane waves: propagation through various media; reflection and refraction; phase and group speed; the depth of the skin. Transmission line: impedance characteristics; impedance transformation; Chart Smith; impedance matching; pulse excitation. Waveguides: modes in rectangular waveguides; boundary conditions; cut-off frequency; dispersion relationship. Antenna: Dipole antenna; antenna array; radiation pattern; reciprocal theorem, antenna gain. An additional basic foundation in electricity is learning
Network theory
Network graph: matrices associated with charts; incidence, set of basic pieces and fundamental circuit matrices. Solution method: nodal and mesh analysis. Network theorem: superposition, Thevenin and Norton maximum power transfer, Wye-Delta transformation. Steady state sinusoidal analysis using phasor. Differential equations coefficient of linear constants; time domain analysis of simple RLC circuit, Solution of network equations using Laplace transform: domain frequency analysis of RLC circuit. 2-port network parameters: driving point and transfer function. State equations.
Electronic devices and circuits
Electronic Devices : Energy bands in silicon, intrinsic and extrinsic silicon. Transport carrier in silicon: diffusion current, drifting current, mobility, resistivity. Generation and recombination operator. p-n junction diode, Zener diode, tunnel diode, BJT, JFET, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LED, p-I-n and photo avalanche diode, LASER. Device technology: integrated circuit fabrication process, oxidation, diffusion, ion implantation, photolithography, n-tub, p-tub and twin-tub CMOS process.
Analog Circuit : Equivalent circuit (large and small signal) diodes, BJT, JFET, and MOSFET. Simple diode circuit, clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability of transistors and FET amplifiers. Amplifier: single and multi-stage, differential, operational, feedback and power. Analysis of amplifiers; amplifier frequency response. Simple op-amp circuit. Filter. Sinusoidal Oscillator; criteria for oscillation; configuration of one transistor and op-amp. Generator functions and waveforming circuits. Power supply.
Digital circuits : Boolean algebra, Boolean function minimization; digital logic family IC gates (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits: arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, and decoders. Circuit sequence: hook and flip-flops, counters and shift registers. Sample and hold circuit, ADC, DAC. Memories of semiconductors. Microprocessor (8085): architecture, programming, memory, and I/O interfaces. Signals and systems
Definitions and properties of Laplace Transformation, Fourier series of time-continuous and discrete, time-continuous and time-discrete Fourier transforms, z-transforms. Sampling theorem. Time-Invariant Linear Systems (LTI): definitions and properties; victim, stability, impulse response, convolution, pole and zero frequency response, group delay, phase delay. Transmission signal through LTI system. Random signal and sound: probability, random variable, probability density function, autocorrelation, power spectral density.
System control
Controlling system components; description of block diagram, reduction of block diagram. Open the closed loop and loop (feedback) system and stability analysis of this system. Graph of the signal flow and its use in determining the system transfer function; analysis of transient and steady conditions of the LTI control system and frequency response. Tools and techniques for LTI control system analysis: root loci, Routh-Hurwitz, Bode and Nyquist criteria. Control of system compensator: lead element and lag compensation, Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control element. Representation of state variables and solution of state equation of LTI control system.
Communications
Communication system: amplitude modulation and angular modulation and demodulation system, spectral analysis of this operation, superheterodyne receiver; hardware elements, realization of analog communication systems; calculation of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) for low noise conditions. Digital communication system: pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta modulation (DM); digital-amplitude modulation schemes, phase shift and frequency shifting schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK), appropriate filter receiver, bandwidth considerations and the probability of error calculations for this scheme.
Certification
Certification excellence varies depending on location. For example, in the United States and Canada "only licensed engineers may... seal technical work for public and private clients". [4] This requirement is enforced by state and provincial laws such as Quebec's Engineers Act. [5] In other countries, like Australia, there is no such law. Almost all certification bodies maintain a code of ethics that they expect all members to abide by or risk being expelled. [6] In this way these organizations play an important role in maintaining ethical standards for the profession. Even in jurisdictions where certification has little or no legal work, engineers are subject to contract law. In cases where an engineer's work fails, he may be the actor of negligence and, in extreme cases, allegations of criminal negligence. [7] The work of an engineer must also comply with various other rules and regulations such as building codes and laws relating to environmental law.
Significant professional bodies for electrical engineers include the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). IEEE claims to produce 30 percent of the world's literature on electrical engineering, has more than 360,000 members worldwide and hosts more than 300 conferences each year. [8] IET publishes 14 journals, has a worldwide membership of 120,000, authorizes Chartered Engineers in the United Kingdom and claims to be Europe's largest professional engineering community. [9] [10]
See also
- Technical education
- Sree Vidyanikethan Educational Trust
References
- Most of the above content seems to be copied from:
- Silabus for Electronics and Communications Engineering. Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) . IIT Delhi. (updated 2012-03-22).
- General information. Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) . IIT Delhi. 2012
- Terman, F. E. (1976). A brief history of electrical engineering education. Proceedings of IEEE , 64 (9) , 1399-1407. The full article can be read here .
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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