Energy conservation is an effort made to reduce energy consumption by using fewer energy services. This can be achieved by using more energy efficiently (using less energy for constant service) or by reducing the number of services used (for example, by driving less). Energy conservation is part of the concept of eco-adequacy. Energy conservation reduces the need for energy services and can result in improved environmental quality, national security, personal finance security, and higher savings. It is at the top of a sustainable energy hierarchy. It also lowers energy costs by preventing future resource depletion.
Energy can be preserved by reducing waste and loss, increasing efficiency through improved technology and improving operations and maintenance.
Video Energy conservation
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Some countries use energy or carbon taxes to motivate energy users to reduce their consumption. A carbon tax can force consumption to switch to nuclear power and other energy sources that carry a range of effects and limitations of different environments. On the other hand, the tax on all energy consumption can reduce energy use across the board while reducing the various environmental consequences arising from energy production. The state of California uses a multilevel energy tax in which each consumer receives a basic energy allowance that carries a low tax. With increased usage on the basis of that, taxes are increasing drastically. Such programs aim to protect poorer households while creating greater tax burdens for high-energy consumers.
Maps Energy conservation
Building design
One of the main ways to improve energy conservation in buildings is to conduct energy audits. An energy audit is the inspection and analysis of energy use and flow for energy conservation in buildings, processes or systems with an eye to reducing energy input without affecting negative output. This is usually done by trained professionals and can be part of some of the national programs discussed above. The latest developments in smart phone applications allow homeowners to complete a relatively sophisticated energy audit itself.
Building intelligent technologies and meters can enable energy users, both commercial and residential, to visualize the impact of their energy use at work or at their homes. Advanced real-time energy meters can help people save energy by their actions.
In the design of passive solar buildings, windows, walls, and floors are made to collect, store, and distribute solar energy in the form of heat in the winter and reject the heat of the sun in summer. This is called a passive solar design or climate design because, unlike active solar heating systems, it does not involve the use of mechanical and electrical devices.
The key to designing a passive solar building is to make the most of the local climate. Elements to be considered include the placement of windows and glass types, thermal insulation, thermal mass, and shadows. Passive solar design techniques can be applied easily to new buildings, but existing buildings can be re-installed.
Transportation
In the United States, suburban infrastructure evolved over the relatively easy access lifespan to fossil fuels, which has led to life systems that depend on transport. Zoning reforms that allow greater urban density and design for walking and cycling can greatly reduce the energy consumed for transportation. The use of telecommuting by big companies is a significant opportunity to save energy, as many Americans now work in service jobs that allow them to work from home rather than going to work every day.
Consumer products
Consumers are often not well informed about savings on energy-efficient products. A prominent example of this is the energy savings that can be made by replacing incandescent light bulbs with more modern alternatives. When purchasing light bulbs, many consumers opt for cheap incandescent lamps, failing to take into account higher energy costs and lower life spans when compared to compact fluorescent lamps and modern LED lights. Although these energy-efficient alternatives have higher upfront costs, long life and low energy use can save a lot of consumer money. The price of LED lights has also been steadily declining in the past five years due to improvements in semiconductor technology. Many LED lights on the market are eligible for utility rebates which further reduce the purchase price to consumers. Estimates by the US Department of Energy suggest that widespread adoption of LED lighting over the next 20 years could result in savings of $ 265 billion for US energy costs.
Research that should be incorporated into energy savings is often too time-consuming and costly for the average consumer when there are cheaper products and technologies available using today's fossil fuels. Some governments and NGOs are trying to reduce this complexity with the ecolabel that makes the difference in energy efficiency easy to do while shopping.
To provide the kind of information and support people need to invest money, time and effort in energy conservation, it is important to understand and connect with the concerns of people. For example, some retailers think that bright lighting stimulates purchases. However, health studies have shown that headaches, stress, blood pressure, fatigue and worker errors all generally increase with the presence of general lighting in many workplaces and retail settings. It has been proven that natural lighting increases the level of worker productivity, while reducing energy consumption.
In warmer climates where AC is used, any household device that emits heat will result in greater load on the cooling system. Stuff like stoves, dishwashers, clothes dryers, hot water and incandescent bulbs all add heat to the house. Low power version or isolated from this device release less heat for AC to remove. Air conditioning systems can also improve efficiency by using colder heat sinks than standard air heat exchangers, such as geothermal or water.
In cold climates, heating air and water is a major demand for household energy use. Significant energy reductions are made possible by using different technologies. Heat pumps are a more efficient alternative to electric resistance heaters to warm air or water. Various efficient clothes dryers are available, and clothing lines do not take up just that for energy. Natural gas condenser boilers and hot air furnaces improve efficiency compared to standard hot-flue models. New construction that applies heat exchanger can capture heat from waste water or exhaust air in bathroom, laundry and kitchen.
In both extreme warm and cold climates, thermal insulation construction is the biggest factor determining the efficiency of a home. Isolation is added to minimize heat flow to or from the home, but can be labor-intensive for retrofitting into existing homes.
Energy conservation by country
Asia
Although the vital role of energy efficiency is expected to play in cutting energy demand is cost-effective, only a fraction of its economic potential is exploited in Asia. The government has implemented various subsidies such as cash grants, cheap loans, tax breaks, and co-financing with public sector funds to encourage energy efficiency initiatives in several sectors. Governments in the Asia-Pacific region have implemented a variety of information provision and labeling programs for buildings, equipment, and transportation and industrial sectors. The information program can easily provide data, such as fuel-economy labels, or actively seek to encourage behavioral changes, such as the Cool Biz Japan campaign that pushes air conditioning settings at 28-degrees Celsius and allows employees to dress casually in the summer.
European Union
In late 2006, the European Union (EU) pledged to reduce its annual primary energy consumption by 20% by 2020. The EU's Energy Efficiency Action Plan has long been awaited. Directive 2012/27/EU is on energy efficiency.
As part of the SAVE EU Program, which aims to promote energy efficiency and encourage energy-efficient behavior, the Boiler Efficiency Directive sets the minimum level of efficiency for boilers that use liquid or gaseous fuels.
India
The Association of Oil Conservation Research (PCRA) is an Indian government agency created in 1977 that is involved in promoting energy efficiency and conservation in every walk of life. In the past PCRA has conducted mass media campaigns on television, radio, and print media. The third-party impact assessment survey revealed that due to a larger campaign by PCRA, the overall level of public awareness has increased that leads to savings of fossil fuels worth crores rupees, in addition to reducing pollution.
The Energy Efficiency Bureau is an Indian government organization established in 2001 that is responsible for promoting energy efficiency and conservation.
Japanese
Since the oil crisis of 1973, energy conservation has been a problem in Japan. All oil-based fuels are imported, so domestic sustainable energy is being developed.
The Center for Energy Conservation promotes energy efficiency in every aspect of Japan. Public entities apply energy efficient use to industry and research. This includes projects such as the Top Runner Program. In this project, new equipment is regularly tested on efficiency, and the most efficiently standardized.
Lebanon
In Lebanon and since 2002 Lebanon's Energy Conservation Center (LCEC) has promoted the development of efficient and rational energy use and the use of renewable energy at the consumer level. It was created as a project financed by the International Environment Facility (GEF) and the Ministry of Water Energy (MEW) under the management of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and gradually established itself as an independent, national technical center despite continued support from the United Nations Development Program -English (UNDP) as contained in the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed between MEW and UNDP on June 18, 2007.
Nepal
To date, Nepal has been focusing on the exploitation of its massive water resources to generate hydropower. Demand side management and energy conservation are not in the focus of government action. In 2009, the bilateral Development Cooperation between Nepal and the Federal Republic of Germany, has approved the joint implementation of the "Nepalese Energy Efficiency Program". The main implementing agency for its implementation is the Secretariat of the Energy and Water Commission (WECS). The objectives of the program are the promotion of energy efficiency in policy making, in rural and urban households as well as in industry. Due to the lack of government organizations that encourage energy efficiency in the country, the Federation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry of Nepal (FNCCI) has established an Energy Efficiency Center under its roof to promote energy conservation in the private sector. The Energy Efficiency Center is a nonprofit initiative that offers energy audit services to industry. The Center is also supported by the Nepal Energy Efficiency Program from Deutsche Gesellschaft fÃÆ'¼r Internationale Zusammenarbeit. A study conducted in 2012 found that the Nepalese industry can save 160,000 Megawatts of electricity and 8,000 Terajoules of thermal energy (such as diesel, oil and coal furnaces) each year. This savings is equivalent to annual energy cost cuts of up to 6.4 Billion Nepalese Rupiah. As a result of the Nepal Economic Forum 2014, the economic reform agenda in priority sectors is stated to focus on energy conservation, among others. On the energy reform agenda, the Nepalese government is committed to introducing incentive packages in fiscal 2015/16 budgets for industries that practice energy efficiency or use efficient technologies (including cogeneration).
New Zealand
In New Zealand, the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Agency is a Government Agency responsible for promoting energy efficiency and conservation. The New Zealand Energy Management Association is a membership-based organization representing New Zealand's energy services sector, providing training and accreditation services with the goal of ensuring reliable and reliable energy management services.
Nigeria
In Nigeria, the Government of Lagos State encourages Lagos residents to absorb the energy conservation culture. The Lagos State Electricity Council (LSEB) spearheaded the initiative tagged "Save Energy, Save Money" under the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. The initiative is designed to awaken the people of Lagos around the theme of energy conservation by linking and influencing their behavior through do-it-yourself tips and interesting interactions with prominent figures. In September 2013, Babatunde Governor Raji Fashola of Lagos State and rapper Jude 'MI' Abaga (campaign ambassador) () participated in the Governor's first Google Hangout on energy conservation topics.
In addition to the hangout, during the month of October (the official state energy conservation month), LSEB hosts an experience center in a mall around Lagos State where community members are encouraged to calculate their current household energy consumption and find ways to save money using energy applications focusing on the first consumer in sub-Saharan Africa. To make Lagos residents start energy conservation, Solar lights and Phillips energy saving lamps are also provided at each experience center. Image from the experience center: (part of the Lagos state government energy initiative)
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka currently consumes fossil fuels, hydro power, wind power, solar power, and dendro power for day-to-day power generation. Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority plays a major role in energy management and energy conservation. Today, most industries are required to reduce their energy consumption by using renewable energy sources and optimizing their energy use.
Turkish
Turkey aims to lower at least 20% of the amount of energy consumed per Turkish GDP by 2023 (energy intensity).
United States
The United States is currently the second largest energy consumer, after China. The US Department of Energy categorizes national energy use in four major sectors: transport, housing, commercial and industrial.
Energy use in the transport and housing sectors, about half of US energy consumption, is largely controlled by individual consumers. Commercial and industrial energy expenditures are determined by business entities and other facility managers. The national energy policy has a significant influence on energy use in all four sectors.
Another aspect of energy conversation is using Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design. (LEED) This program is not mandatory, it is voluntary. The program has many categories, Energy Prerequisites and Atmosphere, applicable to energy conservation. This section focuses on energy performance, renewable energy, energy performance, and more. The program is designed to promote energy efficiency and become a green building, which is part of conservation. As mentioned above "energy conservation is an effort made to reduce energy consumption."
US. Green Building Council (2013). LEED Reference Guide for Building and Construction Design (v4 ed.). US Green Building Council. p.Ã, 318-466. ISBNÃ, 1932444181
See also
References
Further reading
- GA Mansoori, N Enayati, LB Agyarko (2016), Energy: Source, Utilization, Legislation, Sustainability, Illinois as Model Country, World Sci. Pub. Co., ISBNÃ, 978-981-4704-00-7
- Alexeew, Johannes; Carolin Anders and Hina Zia (2015): Energy efficient building - a business case for India? An additional cost analysis for four Energy Saving Houses development projects. Berlin/New Delhi: adelphi/TERI
- Gary Steffy, Architectural Lighting Design , John Wiley and Sons (2001) ISBNÃ, 0-471-38638-3
- Lumina Technologies, Analysis of energy consumption in the San Francisco Bay Area Research office complex , for the (secret) owner, Santa Rosa, Ca. May 17, 1996
- Robb, Drew (2 June 2007). "GSA paves the way for IT-based buildings - Government Computer News". Gcn.com. Archived from original on December 25, 2008 . Retrieved 2010/07/29
External links
- bigEE - Your guide to energy efficiency in buildings
- Energy conservation advice and grants for consumers in the UK
- Energy efficiency and renewable energy at the US Department of Energy
- EnergyStar - for commercial and factory buildings
- Ulrich Hottelet: Want to Save the Earth? Select Clothesline, Atlantic Times, November 2007
- Energy Efficiency in Asia and the Asia Pacific Development Bank
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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