Educational engineering is a teaching activity of knowledge and principles for the practice of engineering professionals. These include early education (Bachelor's and/or Master's degrees) for travel to become engineers, and further education and specialization that follow. Technical education is usually accompanied by additional postgraduate exams and supervised training as a requirement for professional engineering licensing. Duration of education, and training to qualify as a basic professional engineer is typical 8-12 years old with 15-20 years for an engineer responsible for large projects.
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education in primary and secondary schools often serves as a basis for technical education at the university level. In the United States, technical education is part of the STEM initiative in public schools. Service-learning in engineering education gained popularity in various disciplines of focus in engineering education including mechanical engineering, industrial engineering, computer engineering, electrical engineering, and other technical education.
Video Engineering education
Africa
Kenya
Technical training in Kenya is usually provided by the university. Registration of engineers is governed by the Engineer Registration Act. A candidate stands to qualify as a registered engineer, R. Eng, if he or she is a holder of a Graduate Technical Education for at least four years and a minimum of three years post graduate work experience.
All enrollments are made by the Engineer Registration Board which is a legal entity established through the Kenya Parliament Act of 1969. A small revision was made in 1992, to accommodate the Technician Technician ratings. The Council has been given responsibility for regulating the activities and behavior of Practicing Engineers in the Republic of Kenya in accordance with the functions and powers granted to it by the Act. Under the CAP 530 of the Kenyan Law, it is illegal for an engineer to practice or call himself an engineer if not registered on the Board. Registration with the Council is a license to practice techniques in Kenya.
South Africa
Technical training in South Africa is usually provided by universities, technological universities and colleges for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (formerly Advanced Education and Training). The qualifications provided by these institutions must have South African Engineering Council accreditation (ECSA) for qualifications for graduates and diplomats from these institutions to be registered as Engineer Candidate Certificates, Candidate Engineers, Prospective Engineering Technologists and Technical Technicians Candidates.
The academic training conducted by the university is usually in the form of a BSc (Eng), Bng or BEng four years. For the level to be accredited, course materials must comply with ECSA Exit Level Outcomes (ELO).
Professional Engineer (Pr Eng) is a person accredited by ECSA as an engineering professional. Legally, a Professional Engineer mark is required for each major project to be implemented, to ensure project safety and standards. Professional Technology Technologists (Pr Tech Eng) and Professional Technicians (Pr Techni Eng) are other members of the engineering team.
Professional Certificate Engineer (Pr Cert Eng) is the person who is the holder of one of the seven Government Competency Certificates and which has been registered by ECSA as an engineering professional.
The categories of professionals are distinguished on the basis of the level of complexity of work performed, where Professional Engineers are expected to solve complex engineering problems, Professional Engineering Technologists and Certified Professional Engineers widely define engineering and Professional Technician, well-defined engineering problems.
- See "Decade of Technical Excellence" in further reading below.
Tanzania
Technical training in Tanzania is usually provided by universities and technical institutions in the country. Graduate Engineers are registered by the Engineers Registration Board (ERB) after undergoing three years of practical training. Candidate stands to qualify as a professional engineer, P.Eng, if she is a holder of at least four years of post-secondary Technical Education and a minimum of three years post graduate work experience. The Engineer Registration Board is a legal entity established through the Tanzanian Parliament Act of 1968. A small revision was made in 1997 to address the issue of professional excellence in the country.
The Council has been given the responsibility of organizing the activities and behavior of Practicing Engineers in the United Republic of Tanzania in accordance with the functions and powers granted to it by the Act. According to Tanzania Law, it is illegal for an engineer to practice or call himself an engineer if not registered on the Board. Registration with the Council is a license to practice engineering in the United Republic of Tanzania.
Maps Engineering education
Asia
Bangladesh
List of technical schools in Bangladesh
- Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)
- Dhaka Engineering University & amp; Technology (DUET)
- Rajshahi University of Engineering & amp; Technology (RUET)
- Chittagong University Engineering & amp; Technology (CUET)
- Sylhet Engineering College
India
In total more than 5,000 universities and colleges offer engineering programs in India.
Indonesia
List of technical schools in Indonesia
- Faculty of Engineering Ahmad Dahlan University
- Faculty of Engineering Andalas University
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Indonesia
- Faculty of Engineering Gadjah Mada University
- Bandung Institute of Technology
- Ten November Institute of Technology, Surabaya
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Lampung
- Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University
- Faculty of Engineering State University of Padang
- Faculty of Engineering, State University of Malang
Malaysia
Engineering Education Activities in Malaysia was pioneered by the Society of Engineering Education Malaysia (SEEM). SEEM was founded in 2007 and launched on February 23, 2009. The idea of ​​establishing a Technical Education Society was started in April 2005 with the establishment of a Pro-team Committee for SEEM. The aim of this society is to contribute to the development of education in the fields of educational and science and technology techniques, including teaching and learning, counseling, research, service and public relations.
- Universku Tunku Abdul Rahman
- University of Tunku Abdul Rahman University
- University of Southern University
Pakistan
In Pakistan, technical education has been accredited by the Pakistan Technical Council, a legal entity, established under the PEC Act no. V of 1976 of the Pakistani constitution and has been amended into Law No.XXIII 2006, to regulate the engineering profession in the country.. It aims to achieve rapid and sustainable growth in all areas of national, economic and social. The Council is responsible for maintaining realistically relevant and internationally relevant professional and ethical competence standards for engineers in the country. PEC interacts with the Government, both at Federal and Provincial levels by participating in the Commission, the Committee and the Advisory Board. PEC is a fully representative representative engineering community in the country. PEC has full signing status with Washington Accord.
Philippines
The Professional Regulatory Commission is the regulatory body for engineers in the Philippines.
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Engineering is one of the most popular majors among universities in Taiwan. The engineering degree is more than a quarter of a bachelor's degree in Taiwan.
Middle East
Iran
Israel
UAE
Lebanon
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Europe
Austria
In Austria, similar to Germany, the degree of engineer can be obtained from the University or Fachhochschulen (University of Applied Sciences). As in most of Europe, education usually consists of a 3 year Bachelor's Degree and a 2-year Master's Degree.
A lower engineering degree is offered by HÃÆ'¶heren Technische Lehranstalten, (HTL, Institute of Higher Engineering), a medium college form reaching from grades 9 to 13. There are disciplines such as civil engineering, electronics, information technology, etc.
In the 5th year of HTL, as in other secondary schools in Austria, there is a final exam, called Matura. Graduates get an engineer degree Ingenieur after three years working in the field studied.
Bulgarian
The beginning of high technical education in Bulgaria was established by the Law to Establish a High Technical School in Sofia in 1941. Only two years later, but because of bombs flying over Sofia, schools were evacuated in Lovech, and the regular classes were stopped. The learning process began again in 1945 when the University became State Polytechnic.
In Bulgaria, engineers are trained in three basic degrees - bachelor, master and doctor. Since the Bologna declaration, students receive a bachelor's degree (4 years of study), optionally followed by a master's degree (1 year of study). Science and engineering courses include lectures and laboratory education. The main subjects to be studied are mathematics, physics, chemistry, electrical engineering and others. Level received after completing state exam or defending thesis. Absolvents are provided with Ing . the title is always placed in front of someone's name.
Some truly traditional engineering specializations, such as building machines, computers and software engineering, automation, electrical engineering, electronics. The new specializations are engineering design, mechatronics, aviation engineering, industrial engineering.
The following technical universities prepare mainly engineers in Bulgaria:
- Sofia Engineering University
- Technical University of Varna
- Technical University of Gabrovo
- The Forest University
- University of Architecture, Civil Engineering, and Geodesy
- Sofia Chemical and Metallurgical Technology University
- Plovdiv Agricultural University
- University of Mining and Geology "St. Ivan Rilski"
Bulgarian engineers are united in the Federation of Scientific and Technical Unions, which was founded in 1949. It consists of 33 territories and 19 national unions.
Denmark
In Denmark, an engineer's degree is delivered by a University or Technical College (eg Aarhus Technical College).
Students receive the first bachelor's degree (3 years of study) followed by a Master's degree (1-2 years of study) in accordance with the principles of Bologna's declaration, though traditionally. The doctoral degree in engineering is PhD (3 years of study).
The quality of Danish engineering expertise has long been heralded. Danish engineers especially from the Technical College have also been praised for being very practical (ie skilled in physical work related to their discipline), ascribed to the high quality of the many Danish engineers' apprenticeship apprenticeship as part of their education.
Finnish
The Finnish system comes from the German system. Two recognized types of schools, universities and Ammattikorkeakoulus (literally vocational colleges ), which were translated several times as University of applied sciences .
The university awards are usually the title of 'Bachelor of Science in Technology' and 'Master of Science in Technology'. A bachelor's degree is a three-year degree as an equivalent master's degree for a two-year full-time study. In Finland, the master's degree is called diplomacy-insinÃÆ'¶ÃÆ'¶ri, just like in Germany ( Diplom-Ingenieur ). Degrees are awarded by engineering schools or faculty at the university (at Aalto University, Oulu, Turku, Vaasa and ÃÆ'... bo Academy University) or by separate tech universities (Tampere UT and Lappeenranta UT). The degree is a scientific and theoretical master's degree. Master's thesis is an important part of master's degree studies. Master's degree qualifies for further study into License or Doctorate. Because of the Bologna process, the title of "tekidikan kandidaatti (" Bachelor of Technology "), corresponding to three years of study to a master's degree, has been introduced.
MCA is an administratively administered school that traditionally provides a 3.5 to 4.5-year vocational degree called insinÃÆ'¶ÃÆ'¶ri (amk). The purpose of this degree is professional competence with little emphasis on scientific study. Though they may be called "Bachelor's Degree" in English, the Finnish university does not recognize them as equal to the meaning of candidates, but requires about a year of additional study. Recently, MCA has also begun awarding higher MCA degrees (Masters of Engineering), designed for MCA engineers already engaged in working life (at least two years of professional experience). MCA has no right to grant a License or Doctorate. Similarly, AMK-degrees do not provide one to apply for postgraduate academic studies without further preliminary studies at the university.
French
In France, the degree of engineer is mainly conveyed by the "Grandes ÃÆ' â € ° coles d'IngÃÆ'  © nieurs" (engineering school graduate) after completing 3 years of Master studies. Many ÃÆ' â € ° coles recruit undergraduate students from CPGE (2 or 3 years of high level program after BaccalaurÃÆ' © at), although some of which include an integrated bachelor cycle. Other students accessing the Grandes Ecoles may come from other horizons, such as DUT or BTS (2 years university technical degree) or a 2 year university degree. In all cases, recruitment is highly selective. Therefore postgraduate engineers in France have studied at least 5 years after a young bachelor. Since 2013, a French engineering degree is recognized by AACRAO as a Master of Science in Engineering. To be able to award a degree of engineer, the Master's curriculum should be validated by the Commission des titres d'ingÃÆ' nà © n (The Technical Title Commission). It is important for external observers to note that the system in France is very demanding in its entry requirements (numerus clausus, using student ratings in the exam as the sole criterion), although almost free of tuition fees, and much stricter in terms of the applicant's academic level than many other systems. The system focuses only on selecting students with their basic disciplinary skills (mathematics, physics) rather than their financial ability to finance large tuition fees, thus allowing wider population access to higher education. In fact, being a graduate engineer in France is considered as near/at the top of the social/professional ladder. The technical profession grew from the military and nobility in the 18th century. Before the French Revolution, engineers were trained in schools for technical officers, such as "ÃÆ'â € cole d'Arts et MÃÆ' © tiers" (Arts et MÃÆ'  © tiers ParisTech) founded in 1780. Later, the school - other schools were created, for example ÃÆ'â € ° â € ° cole Polytechnique and Conservatoire national des arts et mÃÆ' © tiers established in 1794. Polytechnic is one of the traditional
Within the French company, the title IngÃÆ' Â © nieur refers to the rank in qualification and is not restricted. Therefore, you can find sometimes IngÃÆ' Â © nieurs des Ventes (Sales Engineer), IngÃÆ' Â © nieur Marketing , IngÃÆ' Â © nieur Bancaire (Banking Engineer), IngÃÆ' Â © nieur Recherche & amp; DÃÆ' Â © veloppement (R & D Engineer), etc.
German
In Germany, the term Ingenieur (engineer) is legally protected and can only be used by graduates of university degree programs in engineering. The degree is offered by the university (UniversitÃÆ'¤ten ), including the Technische UniversitÃÆ'¤ten (technology university), or Fachhochschulen (university applied science) , including Technische Hochschulen .
Since Bologna reform, students receive a bachelor's degree (3-4 years of study), optionally followed by a Master's degree (1-2 years of study). Before the state adopted the Bologna system, the first and only pre-doctoral degree received after completing technical education at the university was German Diplomingenieur (Dipl.-Ing.). The engineering doctor is Doktoringenieur (Dr.-Ing.).
The quality of German engineering expertise has long been heralded, especially in the field of mechanical engineering. This is supported by the extent to which theories governing aerodynamics and structural mechanics are named after German scientists and engineers such as Ludwig Prandtl. German engineers have also been praised for being very practical (ie skilled in physical work related to their discipline), ascribed to the high quality of internship programs that many German engineers pass through as part of their education.
Italy
In Italy, a degree of engineer and "engineer" was delivered by Polytechnic University after completing 3 years of study (laurea). An additional master's degree (2 years) and a doctoral program (3 years) entitled "dottore di ricerca in ingegneria". Students who started studies at the Polytechnic University before 2005 (when Italy adopted the Bologna declaration) need to complete a 5-year program to earn a degree of engineer. In this case a master's degree is obtained after 1 year of study. Only people with a degree of engineer can be hired as "engineers". However, some with competencies and experience in engineering that do not have such titles, can still be used to perform technical tasks as "specialists", "assistants", "technologist" or "technician". However, only engineers can take legal responsibility and provide guarantees for the work done by the team in their area of ​​expertise. Sometimes companies working in this field, who temporarily do not have employees with a degree of engineer have to pay for external technical audit services to provide legal guarantees for their products or services.
Netherlands
In the Netherlands there are two ways to learn the techniques, namely the Dutch 'technical hogeschool', which is a professional school (equivalent to UK polytechnics and an international applied science university) and a practical-oriented degree award with -nominal ing. after four years of study. Or at the university, which offers a more academically-oriented degree with a pre-nominal ir. after five years of study. Both are short for Ingenieur's title.
In 2002 when the Dutch turned to the Master-Master system. This is a consequence of the Bologna process. Under the agreement, 29 European countries agreed to align their higher education system and create a European higher education area. In this system professional schools provide bachelor degrees such as Beng or BASC after four years of study. And universities with engineering programs provide a BSc bachelor's degree after the third year. A university scholar usually resumes his or her education for a year or two to get his master's degree MSc . Next to this degree, the old titles of the pre-population system are still in use. A vocational scholar may be admitted to a university's master's degree program although they are often required to take additional courses.
Polish
In Poland after 3.5-4 years of technical studies, a person gets the title in? Ynier ( in ?. ), which corresponds to B.Sc. or B.Eng. After that, a person may continue to study, and after 2 years of graduate program (additional study) may obtain additional M.Sc. (or M.Eng. ) title, called magister , mgr , and one time has two degrees: magister in? ynier , mgr in ?. (literally: master engineer ). Previous title (up to full adaptation of Bologna process by university) can be obtained within 5 years of integrated B.Sc-M.Sc. study program. Graduates have a master's degree? Ynier , may commence 4 years of doctoral studies (Ph.D.), which require the opening of the doctoral process ( przewÃÆ'³d doktorski ), conduct his own research, pass several exams ( eg foreign languages, philosophy, economics, leading subjects), writing and defense of doctoral thesis. Some Ph.D. students also have classes with undergraduate students (B.Sc., M.Sc.). Graduate doctoral studies of engineering universities holds a scientific degree from a doctorate of technicznych in dr., Literally a doctor of technical science ") or else for example Doctor Nauk Chemicznych (lit. " chemistry physician ").
Portugal
In Portugal, there are two paths to learning techniques: polytechnics and university lines. Theoretically, but often not so much in practice, the polytechnic path is more practically oriented, the university's path more research-oriented.
In this system, the polytechnic institute grants a bachelor degree in engineering after three years of study, which can be completed with a mestrado (master) in engineering after two plus years of study.
Regarding the university, they offer two engineering programs similar to polytechnics (three years licensed plus two years of mestrado) as mestrado integrados (integrated master) in engineering program. The Mestrado Integrado program took five years to complete, awarded a licensed degree in engineering after the first three years and a mestrado degree in engineering after all five years. Furthermore, the university also offers a program of doutoramento (Ph.D.) in engineering.
Being an academic degree holder in engineering is not sufficient to practice the profession of engineers and have the legal right to use the title of engenheiro (engineer) in Portugal. For that, it should be admitted and become a member of Ordem dos Engenheiros (Portuguese engineer institute). In Ordem dos Engenheiros, an engineer is classified as an engineer of class E1, E2 or E3, according to the higher degree of engineer he holds. Holders of the ancient pre-Bologna declaration of five years licenciatura degrees in engineering are classified as E2 engineers.
Romanian
In Romania, the degree of engineer and "engineer" degree is delivered by technological and polytechnic universities after completing 4 years of study. An additional master's degree (2 years) and a doctoral program (4-5 years) give the title "doctor wanted". Students who started studies at Polytechnic University before 2005 (when Romania adopted the Bologna declaration) are required to complete a 5-year program to earn a degree of engineer. In this case a master's degree is obtained after 1 year of study. Only people with a degree of engineer can be hired as "engineers". However, some with competencies and experience in engineering that do not have such titles, can still be used to perform technical tasks as "specialists", "assistants", "technologist" or "technician". However, only engineers can take legal responsibility and provide guarantees for the work done by the team in their area of ​​expertise. Sometimes companies working in this field, who temporarily do not have employees with a degree of engineer have to pay for external technical audit services to provide legal guarantees for their products or services.
Russian
The Moscow School of Mathematics and Navigation was the first Russian educational institution founded by Peter the Great in 1701. It gave Russia a technical education for the first time and much of its curriculum was devoted to producing sailors, engineers, cartographers and bombers to support Russian expansion. navy and army. Then in 1810, the technical university of Saint Petersburg Military became the first institute of higher technical education in the Russian Empire, after the addition of officer classes and the application of teaching for five years. So at first more standard rigidity and teaching terms became the hallmark of the traditional history of Russian engineering education in the 19th century.
Slovakia
In Slovakia, an engineer ( in? Beginer ) is considered a person who holds a master's degree in engineering or economics. Some technical and economic universities offer 4-5 year master studies in chemistry, agriculture, materials technology, computer science, electrical and mechanical engineering, nuclear physics and technology or economics. A bachelor's degree in the same field is a prerequisite. Absolvents are given under the title Ing. is always placed in front of someone's name; follow-up documentary studies are finally offered by universities and some institutes of the Slovak Academy of Sciences.
Spanish
In Spain, the degree of engineer is delivered by the University at the Technical School, called "Escuelas de IngenierÃÆ'a". As with other degrees in Spain, students must pass a series of exams based on Bachillerato subjects (Selectividad), select their bachelor's degree, and their grades determine whether they access the degree they want or not.
Students receive a first graduate degree (4 years of study) followed by a Master's degree (1-2 years of study) in accordance with the principles of Bologna's declaration, although traditionally, a degree earned after completing technical education is the Spanish title "Ingeniero". Using the title "Ingeniero" is legally and limited to appropriate academic graduates.
Swedish
The institute offering technical education is called "technicalk hÃÆ'¶gskola" (technological institute). These schools primarily offer a five-year program that produces a degree civilingenjÃÆ'¶r (not to be confused with the shorter English term "civil engineer"), internationally in accordance with the Master of Science degree in Engineering. These programs typically offer a strong support in the natural sciences, and the degree also opens for doctoral studies (PHD) towards a "technologie doctorate" degree. The CivilingenjÃÆ'¶r program is offered in a variety of areas: Engineering Physics, Chemistry, Civil Engineering, surveying, Industrial engineering and management, etc. There is also a shorter three-year program called hÃÆ'¶gskoleingenjÃÆ'¶r (Bachelor of Science in Engineering) which is usually more applied.
Turkish
In Turkey, engineering degrees range from engineering degree (for a period of 4 years), to a master's degree (2 years additions), and a Doctorate degree (usually 4 - 5 years).
The title is restricted by law for people with a degree of engineer, and the use of titles by others (even people with more work experience) is illegal.
The Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects (UCTEA) was founded in 1954 and separated engineers and architects with professional branches, under conditions in the legal and regulatory framework and in accordance with current conditions, requirements and possibilities and to also establish Chambers new to a group of engineers and architects, whose professional or work area is similar or the same.
UCTEA maintains its activities with 23 Chambers, 194 Chambers and 39 Provincial Coordination Councils. Around, graduates from 70 related academic disciplines in engineering, architecture and urban planning are members of Chambers of UCTEA.
United Kingdom
In the UK, as in the United States and Canada, most professional engineers are trained at the university, but some can start in technical internships and enroll in a university engineering degree later, or enroll in one of the Engineering Council UK (level 6 - Bachelors and 7 - Masters) managed by City and Guilds of London Institute. Recent trends have seen the rise of higher level undergraduate and graduate technical apprentices. All accredited engineering and internship programs are assessed and approved by professional engineering institutions that reflect the subject with the engineering discipline covered; IMECE, IET, BCS, ICE, ISTRACE etc. Many of these institutions are from the 19th century, and have previously set up their own technical examination programs. They have become globally renowned as leading educated societies.
The degree is then calculated partly for qualification as a Chartered Engineer after a period (usually 4-8 years after the first degree) of a structured professional practice, professional peer review practice and, if required, further exams to then become a corporate member of the relevant professional body. The term 'Chartered Engineer' is governed by the Royal Assent and its use is restricted to those who are registered; the conferment of this status shall be submitted to a professional institution by the Technical Council.
In the UK, most engineering courses take 3 years for baccalaureate (BEng) and a 4-year period for a Bachelor's Degree. Students who read the 4-year engineering course are awarded the Master of Engineering (as opposed to the Master of Science in Engineering) Some universities allow students to opt out after one year prior to completion of the program and receive a Higher National Diploma if a student has successfully completed a second year, or High National Certificate if only successful completion of the first year. Many courses also include a one-year option in industry, which is usually one year before completion. Students who choose this are given the title 'Sandwich'.
Beng graduates may be listed as an "Incorporated Engineer" by the Engineering Council after a period of professional practice structured, professional peer review practice and, if required, further exams to then become members of relevant professional bodies. Again, the term 'Incorporated Engineer' is governed by the Royal Assent and its use is restricted to those who are registered; the conferment of this status shall be submitted to a professional institution by the Technical Council.
Unlike the US and Canada, engineers do not require a license to practice the profession in the UK. In the UK, the term "engineer" is applied to non-degree calls such as technologist, technician, draftsman, mechanic, mechanic, plumber, electrician, repair person, semi-skilled and unskilled job.
In recent developments by governments and industry, to address the growing skills deficits in many areas of UK engineering, there is a strong emphasis placed on dealing with techniques in schools and providing students with positive role models from young age.
North America
Canada
Engineering degree education in Canada is highly regulated by Canadian Council of Professional Engineers (Canadian Engineers) and Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board (CEAB). In Canada, there are 43 institutions that offer 278 accredited programs that award Bachelor degrees after a period of 4 years. Many schools also offer bachelor's degrees in applied sciences. Accreditation means that students who successfully complete an accredited program will receive sufficient engineering knowledge to meet the licensing knowledge requirements as a Professional Engineer. Alternatively, Canadian graduates from an unaccredited 3-year diploma program, BSc, B.Tech, or B.Eng may qualify for a professional license with an associate exam. Some schools include: Concordia University, ÃÆ' â € ° cole de technologie supÃÆ' Â © rieure, ÃÆ' â € ° cole Polytechnique de MontrÃÆ'Â © al, University of Toronto, University of Manitoba, University of Saskatchewan, University of Victoria, University of Calgary, University of Alberta, University British Columbia, McGill University, Dalhousie University, Ryerson University, York University, Regina University, Carleton University, McMaster University, University of Ottawa, Queen's University, University of New Brunswick, UOIT, Waterloo University, Guelph University, University of Windsor, Memorial University of Newfoundland, and Royal Military College of Canada just to name a few. Any university offering engineering degrees in Canada needs to be accredited by the CEAB (Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board), ensuring high standards are enforced at all universities. Engineering degrees in Canada differ from degrees in engineering technology to more applied degrees or diplomas. Technical education in Canada is held at a very high price which culminates with the qualification as a professional engineer (P.Eng) license. Many engineering graduates enter other professional practice areas including management consulting, law, medicine, and business administration.
United States
Some of the first engineers designed irrigation channels, buildings, dams, and many other things to meet the needs of the community. Early engineers during the war designed weapons and war machines. Technical education has changed since the days of the early engineers. "In the mid-20th century there were nearly 1 million engineers in the United States."
The first professional degree in engineering is a bachelor's degree with a few exceptions. It is said that, interest in the field of engineering has grown since 1999; the number of undergraduates issued increased by 20%.
Most undergraduate engineering programs are four years old and require about two years of core courses followed by a special two year specialized discipline course. It is here that a typical engineering student will study mathematics (single and multi-variable calculus and basic differential equations), general chemistry, English composition, general and modern physics, computer science (typically programming), and introductory techniques in some areas required for a satisfactory engineering background and to be successful in their chosen program. Several courses in social sciences or humanities often also need to be taken, but are usually the elective courses of a wide choice. The general engineering courses required usually include engineering drawings/drafting, material engineering, statics and dynamics, material strength, electrical engineering, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and possibly some industrial systems or engineering. Science and engineering courses include lectures and laboratory education, either in the same course or in a separate course. However, some professors and educators believe that engineering programs must change to focus more on professional engineering practice, and engineering courses should be taught more by professional engineering practitioners and not by engineering researchers.
By the end of the first year, an engineering student should be looking to decide what specialization they want to learn. Specializations may include the following: civil (including structural), mechanical, electrical (often including computer), chemistry, biology, industry, aerospace, materials (including metallurgy), agriculture, and many other specializations. After selecting a specialization, engineering students will begin to take classes that will build on the education they have received and center their future education toward their specialization or field of study. Toward the end of their undergraduate education, engineering students often undertake designs or other specific projects that are specific to their field.
After formal education, engineers will often enter the apprenticeship or engineer in training status for about four years. After that engineers in training can decide whether or not to take state licensing tests to make them into Professional Engineers. Upon successful completion of the test, Professional engineers may place the initials P.E. after their name indicates that they are now Professional Engineers. There is also a bachelor's degree option for an engineer. Many engineers decide to complete a master's degree in some engineering or business administration field or obtain an education in law, medicine, or other fields.
Two types of doctoral degrees are also available, Ph.D. or physician. Ph.D. focuses on research and academic excellence, whereas physician techniques focus on practical techniques. Educational requirements are the same for both degrees; however, the dissertation required is different. Ph.D. requires standardized research problems, where physician techniques focus on practical dissertations.
In current scholarly engineering education, emphasis on linear systems develops a way of thinking that rejects nonlinear dynamics as false oscillations. The linear system approach simplifies the dynamics of nonlinear systems. Therefore, students and undergraduate teachers should recognize the value of education from chaotic dynamics. The practicing engineers will also have more insight into circuits and nonlinear systems by having exposure to chaotic phenomena.
After graduation, further education courses may be required to retain the applicable government-issued professional engineer license (PE), to keep the skills fresh, to expand the skills, or to follow new technologies.
Mexico
In the case of Mexico, education in Engineering can be taken from public and private universities. Both types of Colleges and Universities may confer degrees B.Eng., B.Sc., M. Eng., M.Sc. and Ph.D. through presentation and dissertation of the thesis or other types of requirements such as Technical reports, knowledge exams among others.
The first universities in Mexico to offer degrees in some fields of Engineering are the Pontifical University and the Kingdom of Mexico, founded under Spanish rule; degrees offered including Mining Engineering and Physics knowledge of European art knowledge physics.
Entering the 19th century and the lack of political stability, the Universities established under the Spanish government were closed and reopened and the teaching tradition of Engineering disappeared; University of Mexico, University of Guadalajara and the University of MÃÆ'Ã… © rida suffer this. Then the liberal rule created the School of Arts and Crafts opened without the same success with the University. Entered in the 20th century and with the success of the Mexican Revolution, some of the old colleges reopened and the old School of Arts and Crafts joined the new University. In 1936 the Mexican National Polytechnic Institute was created as an educational alternative for working sons and families, some time later the Regional Institute of Technology was established as a branch of the Polytechnic Institute in several states of the republic, most of whom had no universities in their own territories.
Today, the Regional Technology Institute is merged into a single entity labeled as "Mexico National Institute of Technology". The National Polytechnic Institute is the Mexican federal government's single university in engineering education.
South America
Brazil
In Brazil, education in engineering is offered by public and private institutions. An engineering degree requires 5 to 6 years of study, consisting of core courses, special subjects, internships and Course Completion Paper .
Due to the nature of university admissions in Brazil, most students must declare their majors before entering college. It is said, the first 2 years of a degree in engineering are mostly composed of core courses (calculus, physics, programming, etc.) along with some particular subjects as well as some courses in the humanities. After this period, some institutions offer specializations in a variety of engineering fields (ie electro engineering students may choose to specialize in electronics or telecommunications) although most agencies balance their workload to give students a consistent knowledge of each specialiation.
Towards the end of their low education, students were asked to develop a Course Completion Paper under the guidance of an adviser to be presented to and assessed by a number of professors. In some institutions, studends are also needed to pursue an internship (the amount of time depends on the institution).
In order to pursue a career in engineering, graduates must first register and comply with the regulations of their Regional Regional and Agronomic Technical Advisors, regional representatives of Federal Technical Advisory and Agronomy, a certification board for engineers, agronomists, geologists and professionals other than applied science.
See also
- List of engineering schools
- Education and training of electrical and electronic engineers
- Education for Chemical Engineers
- Hold an engineer
- Global Engineering Education
- Problem-based learning
- Project-based learning
- Research on technical education
Note
References
- Douglas, Josh; Iversen, Eric; Kalyandurg, Chitra (November 2004), Engineering in K-12 classrooms: Analysis of current & amp; guidelines for the future (PDF) , Washington, DC: American Society for Technical Education, p. 1-23
- Dym, C.L.; Agogino, A.M; Eris, O.; Frey, D.D.; Leifer, LJ (2005), "Design Techniques for Thinking, Teaching and Learning" (PDF) , Journal of Technical Education , 94 (1) : 103-120, archived from the original (PDF) on March 30, 2012
- Wankat, Phillip C.; Oreovicz, Frank S. (1993), Teaching Techniques , New York: McGraw-Hill, ISBN 978-0-07-068154-5
Further reading
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Froyd, J.E.; Wankat, P.C.; Smith, K.A. (2012). "Five Major Shifts in 100 Years of Technical Education". Proceedings of IEEE . 100 (a hundred-year special issue). doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2012.2190167.
Ã, Â · Grobler, du Toit: Decade of Engineering Excellence (2013), Published by Chris van Rensburg Publication, Johannesburg, South Africa on behalf of ECSA, Johannesburg, ISBNÃ, 0-86846-116-4
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