Prevention of hemorrhagic dengue is similar for different viruses. There are a number of different hemorrhagic dengue fever including Ebola virus disease, Lassa fever, Rift Valley fever, Marburg virus disease, Crimean-Congo (CCHF) and yellow fever. Lassa, Ebola, Marburg and CCHF can be spread by direct contact with body fluids from those infected. Thus the content here includes prevention Ebola .
Video Prevention of viral hemorrhagic fever
Standard precautions
The use of standard precautions is recommended for all patients in a health care setting. This includes a minimum level of standard precautions to be used with everyone regardless of their infection status, routine hand washing, safe handling and disposal of needles and used syringes, and intensifying standard precautions. It also includes VHF isolation precautions when necessary.
Limited supplies and resources can prevent health facilities from using all standard precautions at any time. However, health facilities should establish and maintain a basic level of standard practical precautions that can be used routinely with patients in their health facilities. It requires a clean water source, routine hand washing before and after contact with a person with a fever, and safe handling and disposal of sharp instruments and equipment.
Hand washing with soap and water removes microorganisms from the skin and hands. It provides protection against VHF transmission and other diseases. This requires at least a small cut cake soap, a soap dish with openings that allow water to flow out, running water or a bucket full of clean water, a bucket to collect rinsing water and spoons for dipping, if running water is not available, and towels once wear.
The recommended handwashing technique is to place a piece of soap in one palm, wash the hands and the opposite arm, rub the surface firmly for at least 10 seconds, move the soap into the opposite hand and repeat, use clean water to Rinse both hands and then the forearm , dry your hands and forearms with a clean disposable towel, or allow the hands and forearms to be rinsed with dry air.
Reusable syringes and syringes are not recommended. If reusable needles and syringes can be used, clean, disinfect and sterilize before reuse. Needles and syringes used with VHF patients require special care. Hygiene officers should wear two pairs of gloves when handling needles and syringes used with any patient with known or suspected VHF.
Maps Prevention of viral hemorrhagic fever
Identify alleged case
In a situation spreading, some cases occur around the same time. They can be grouped together, and there may be person-to-person transmission. The initial diagnosis of VHF can be made based on specific VHF signs and symptoms.
Suspecting VHF during a non-burst situation in one case is more difficult. Early symptoms of VHF include high fever and headache. It is also a symptom for many infections seen in health facilities. Most people who have a fever do not have VHF. Their fever is more commonly caused by malaria, typhoid fever, dysentery, a severe bacterial infection or a disease that causes other fevers normally seen in the area.
Health workers may not suspect VHF until signs are more developed and patients do not respond to recommended treatments for other diseases. However, health care workers should be aware of the possibility of VHF in the unfavorable situation. As soon as VHF is suspected, VHF isolation precautions must be initiated. This will help reduce the number of people affected by VHF.
Isolation
Isolating VHF patients would restrict patient access to health facility staff trained to use VHF isolation precautions. Create a barrier between VHF patients and uninfected patients, other health facility staff, and visitors.
Protective clothing
When VHF cases are suspected in health facilities, the following protective clothing should be worn in isolation areas:
- Scrub setting or inner lingerie (old shirts and trousers brought from home)
- A pair of gloves
- Rubber shoes or outdoor shoes (only if the floor is dirty)
- Clothes or outer layer of clothing (surgical shirt or disposable shirt with long sleeves and hand tip)
- Plastic apron worn in both layers of clothing
- A pair of thin or thick gloves. Wearing a second pair of gloves provides an additional safety measure during patient care and when handling contaminated supplies
- HEPA filters (high-efficiency particulate air respirators) or other biosafety masks (or surgical masks if HEPA-filters or other biosafety masks are not available)
- Cotton head cover
- Clear glasses or non-mist glasses
When protective clothing is unavailable or supplies are limited, adaptations must be made and used.
Wear
There are specific recommendations on the use of protective clothing including:
- Before entering the locker room, remove the jewelry, wallet, and other valuables.
- Take out street clothes and hang on a hook. Wear clothes or scrubs set of old clothes.
- Enter the locker room.
- Wear rubber boots. Put into each boot and slip the pants leg inside boot. If overboot is used, glue the top of the shoe to the foot with plastic tape. This will help prevent spills from running inside the boots.
- Wear a pair of first gloves. Look at your hands to cut or damage the skin. If the skin is cut or broken, stop direct contact with the patient. Wear one glove at a time. If the scrub suit or set of old clothes has long sleeves, place the tip of each glove under the cuff. When only a pair of gloves are worn, place the tip of the glove over the cuff or dress. If the glove is not available, use a plastic bag. Put one layer now. Install and cover the first layer with ribbon or elastic rubber
- Wear the outer gown. Take the dress from the inside. This is very important if the dress is reused
- Wear a plastic or rubber apron.
- Put on second gloves
- Wear a mask and head cover
- Wear protective goggles. Put the glasses or glasses on the back of the head with a strap or cord to prevent glasses from falling.
Removing
There are also specific recommendations regarding the removal of protective clothing including:
- Disinfect a pair of outer gloves, wash gloved hands in soap and water, dip gloved hands in a 1: 100 bleach solution (see below) for one minute
- Apron disinfection. Spray or clean with a 1: 100 bleach solution.
- Disinfect boots. Use a spray containing a 1: 100 bleach solution to spray shoes or hold your feet over a saucepan or basin and ask another health worker to pour 1: 100 bleach solution through boots or step into a shallow pan containing a 1: 100 bleach solution and lap boot on a drenched cloth
- Remove the pair of outer gloves
- Remove apron and outer dress
- Disinfect a gloved hand after contact with an apron and an outer dress.
- Remove the glasses, the head cover, and the mask.
- Remove boots. Place a towel that has been soaked in a 1: 100 bleach solution on the floor for the health-care staff to stand when removing the boots
- Remove the pair of inner gloves.
- Eliminate layers in clothes and clothing on the road.
- Wash your hands with soap and clean water before leaving the dressing room
Disinfection of equipment
Disinfection kills almost all bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. This reduces the number of microorganisms to make the equipment and surfaces safer to use. When VHF is suspected in a health facility, all medical staff, nursing, laboratory and cleaning should disinfect:
- Hands and skin after contact with VHF patients or infectious body fluids
- Hand gloved after contact with any VHF patient or after contact with infectious body fluids (when gloves can not be changed)
- Thermometers, stethoscopes, and other medical instruments after use with each VHF patient
- Spills contaminated body fluids on walls and floors
- Excretion of patients and containers contaminated by patient dust
- Reusable supplies such as protective clothing and patient mattresses
- Used syringe
Preparing bleach
Two power solutions are recommended.
- The 1:10 bleach solution is a powerful solution used to disinfect dirt and body. This is also used to prepare a 1: 100 bleach solution.
- The 1: 100 bleach solution is used to disinfect surfaces, medical equipment, patient beds, protective clothing that can be reused before washing, lifting gloves between contacts with each patient, rinsing gloves, aprons and boots before leaving the patient's room , disinfect contamination for disposal
The mentioned dilution is related to the initial concentration of active chlorine 5%, so the 1:10 solution is 0.5% and 1: 100 is 0.05%.
This solution should be newly prepared every day because they lose power after 24 hours.
Waste disposal
Direct and unprotected contact during the disposal of infectious waste can lead to accidental VHF transmission. For this reason, all contaminated waste generated in the care of VHF patients should be safely disposed of. All non-reusable items must be destroyed so that they can no longer be used. Burning should be done at least daily.
Liquid waste, including the patient's excreta, may be disposed of in a seperate toilet or toilet set aside for VHF cases. Burning is the recommended method to dispose of other VHF contaminated waste. Safe and inexpensive disposal systems can be made using incinerators or holes to burn. Use fuel to speed up burning and ensure that all waste is completely destroyed.
Funeral Practice
There is a risk of transmission in a health facility when a VHF patient dies because the body and body fluids of a dead VHF patient remain contagious for several days after death. Family members and communities are also at risk if the funeral practice involves touching and washing the body.
Funeral should be done as soon as possible after the body is prepared in health facilities. Health facility staff should prepare the body safely and instruct the family about what is safe and what is not.
To prepare the body, protective clothing is recommended per usual with a pair of second thick rubber gloves. The body and surrounding area is sprayed with 1:10 bleach solution. The body is placed in a "body bag" (sack of a corpse) and securely closed. The body bag is sprayed with 1:10 bleach solution. The body is then transported to the burial site as soon as possible. Any person who must touch or carry the body during transport should wear the same protective clothing as worn in the isolation area. The cemetery should be at least 2 meters. Seeing the body is not possible and the funeral ceremony should be limited only to families. The inside of the vehicle in which the body is brought must be rinsed with 1:10 bleach solution.
Community education
Education and community involvement are an important part of preventing the spread of VHF.
References
External links
Infection Control for Viral Fever Fever in African Health Care Settings (PDF) . World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. December 1998 . Retrieved October 20 2014 .
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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