A programmer , developer , dev , coder , or software engineer is someone who created computer software. The term computer programmer may refer to a specialist in one area of ​​the computer or to generalists who write code for different types of software. People who practice or profess a formal approach to programming can also be known as programmer analyst .
The main programming computer languages ​​(Assembly, COBOL, C, C, C #, Java, Lisp, Python, etc.) often start with these titles, and those who work in the web environment often start their titles with the web .
Various jobs, including: software developers, web developers, mobile app developers, embedded firmware developers, software engineers, computer scientists, or software analysts, while they do involve programming, also require a variety of other skills. The use of simple terms programmer for this position is sometimes regarded as an insulting or derogatory insult.
Video Programmer
History
English Countess and mathematician Ada Lovelace is often regarded as the first computer programmer, since he was the first to publish an algorithm intended for implementation on the analytical engine Charles Babbage, in October 1842, intended for the calculation of Bernoulli numbers. Since Babbage's machine never finished with the standard that functioned in his day, he never saw this algorithm running.
The first person to run a program on a modern electronic-based computer that functioned was computer scientist Konrad Zuse, in 1941.
The ENIAC programming team, comprising Kay McNulty, Betty Jennings, Betty Snyder, Marlyn Wescoff, Fran Bilas, and Ruth Lichterman were the first programmers to work on a regular basis.
International Programmer Day is celebrated every year on January 7th. In 2009, the Russian government established a professional annual vacation known as Programmer Day to be celebrated on 13 September (12 September in leap year). It was also an unofficial international holiday before that.
Maps Programmer
Nature of work
- Some of these sections are from the Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2006-07 Edition, which is in the public domain as the work of the United States Government.
Computer programmers write, test, debug, and maintain detailed instructions, called computer programs, which the computer must follow to perform its function. Programmers also understand, design, and test logical structures to solve problems with computers. Many technical innovations in programming - advanced computing technology and sophisticated new languages ​​and programming tools - have redefined the role of a programmer and raised much of the current programming work. Job titles and descriptions may vary depending on the organization.
Programmers work in many settings, including enterprise information technology departments ("IT"), large software companies, small service firms and government entities of all sizes. Many professional programmers also work for consulting firms on client sites as contractors. Licensing is not usually required to work as a programmer, although professional certifications are usually held by programmers. Programming is widely regarded as a profession (although some authorities disagree on the grounds that only careers with legal licensing requirements are considered professions).
The job of the programmers varies greatly depending on the type of business used to write the program. For example, instructions involved in updating financial records are very different from those required to duplicate the conditions in an aircraft for pilot training in flight simulators. Simple programs can be written in a few hours, the more complicated it may take more than a year of work, while others are never considered 'complete' but continue to be improved as long as they are still in use. In many cases, some programmers work together as teams under the supervision of senior programmers.
Programmers write programs according to specifications determined primarily by more senior programmers and by systems analysts. After the design process is complete, it is the programmer's job to turn that design into a series of logical instructions that the computer can follow. The programmer codes these instructions in one of many programming languages. Different programming languages ​​are used depending on the purpose of the program. COBOL, for example, is commonly used for business applications that typically run on mainframe and midrange computers, while Fortran is used in science and engineering. C is widely used for scientific and business applications. Java, C #, VB and PHP are popular programming languages ​​for Web and business applications. Programmers generally know more than one programming language and, because of many similar languages, they can often learn a new language relatively easily. In practice, programmers are often referred to by the language they know, e.g. as a Java programmer , or by the type of function they do or the environment in which they work: for example, database programmers , mainframe programmers , or Web developers.
When making changes to the program source code created, the programmer needs to make other programmers aware of the routine task. They do this by including comments in the source code so that others can understand the program more easily and by documenting their code. To save on work, programmers often use basic code libraries that can be modified or customized for specific applications. This approach resulted in more reliable and consistent programs and increased programmmer productivity by eliminating several routine steps.
Test and debugging
The programmer tests the program by running it and looking for bugs (errors). When they are identified, the programmer usually makes appropriate corrections, then double-checks the program to a low level and the severity of the bugs is still acceptable. This process is called testing and debugging. This is an important part of every programmer's job. Programmers can continue to fix this problem throughout the life of the program. Updating, repairing, modifying, and extending existing programs is sometimes called maintenance programming . Programmers can contribute to user guides and online help, or they can work with technical writers to do the work.
Apps compared system programming
Computer programmers are often grouped into two broad types: application programmers and system programmers. Application programmers write programs to handle specific jobs, such as programs to track inventory within an organization. They can also revise existing package software or customize common applications that are often purchased from independent software vendors. System programmers, by contrast, write programs for maintaining and controlling computer system software, such as operating systems and database management systems. These workers make changes in the instructions that determine how the networks, workstations, and CPUs of the system handle the various jobs they have provided and how they communicate with peripheral devices such as printers and disk drives.
Type of software
Programmers in software development companies can work directly with experts from various fields to create software - whether programs designed for specific clients or software packaged for general use - from video games to educational software to desktop publishing programs and financial planning. Packaged software programming is one of the fastest growing segments of the computer services industry. Some companies or organizations - even small ones - have established their own IT teams to ensure the design and development of internal software to address the very specific needs of their internal end users, especially when existing software is unsuitable or too expensive. This is a case in a research laboratory.
In some organizations, especially small ones, people known as programmer analysts are responsible for system analysis and actual programming work. The transition from mainframe environments to one primarily based on personal computers (PCs) has blurred the once rigid distinction between programmers and users. More and more advanced end-users take over many of the tasks previously performed by the programmer. For example, the increasing use of software packages, such as spreadsheets and database management software packages, allows users to write simple programs to access data and perform calculations.
In addition, the emergence of the Internet has made web development a big part of the programming field. Today more software applications are web applications that can be used by anyone with a web browser. Examples of such applications include Google search service, Outlook.com e-mail service, and Flickr photo sharing service.
The programming editor, also known as the source code editor, is a text editor that is specifically designed for programmers or developers to write the source code of the application or program. Most of these editors include useful features for programmers, which may include color syntax highlighting, auto-indentation, auto-complete, bracket matching, syntax checking, and enabling plug-ins. These features help the user during coding, debugging and testing.
Globalization
Market changes in the United Kingdom
According to BBC News, 17% of computer science students can not find work in their field 6 months after graduating in 2009 which is the highest level of university subjects surveyed while 0% of medical students are unemployed in the same survey. The British category system, however, classifies degrees like information technology and game design as 'computer science', an industry where work can be very hard to find, rather inflating the actual numbers.
Market changes in the US
Computer programs, offshore outsourcing, and Foreign Workers Visas became a controversial topic after the destruction of the dot-com bubble left many programmers without work or with lower wages. Programming is even mentioned in the 2004 US Presidential debate on the topic of offshore outsourcing.
Large companies claim there is a lack of skills related to programming talent. However, US programmers and unionists point out that big companies are exaggerating their case to get cheaper programmers from developing countries and avoid training that previous companies paid using industry-specific technologies not covered by most accredited degree programs. Another reason for entrepreneurs who claim to lack skills is the result of their own cost savings that incorporate several different skills sets previously held by some specialized programmers into common multinational positions that tend to not have enough "qualified" candidates with the desired experience.
Registration in computer-related degrees in the US has come down recently due to a general lack of interest in science and math and also because of the clear fear that programming will be subject to the same pressures as manufacturing and agricultural careers. This situation has led to confusion as to whether the US economy is entering a "post-information era" and the nature of US comparative advantage. Most academic institutions have institutional research offices that maintain past statistics of a given degree that show some decline and rise in the degree of Computer Science over the last 30 years. The overall trend shows a slight decrease in overall growth (especially when compared to the growth of other STEM levels) since certain peaks of 1986, 1992, 2002, and 2008 show periods of flat growth or even decline. In addition the US Bureau of Labor Statistics Prospects for Jobs 2016-26 are -8% (decrease of their words) to Computer Programmers because computer programming can be done from anywhere in the world, so companies sometimes hire programmers in countries where lower wages.
See also
- Game programmer
- List of programmers
- Software development process
- Software engineering
- System administrator
References
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Further reading
- Weinberg, Gerald M., Computer Programming Psychology , New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1971
- An experiential study of the nature of the programming work: Lucas, Rob. "Dreaming the Code" New Left Review 62, March-April 2010, pp.Ã, 125-132.
External links
- "The Future of IT Jobs in America" ​​article
- How to be a programmer - Review of the challenges of being a programmer
- US Department of Labor's description of "Computer Programmers"
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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