Psychic gadgets is a tendency for individuals or communities to draw attention from past traumatic experiences, or from future threats that are thought to have major consequences but low probabilities. Psychic numbing can be a response to diverse threats such as financial and economic collapse, the risk of nuclear weapons explosions, pandemics, and global warming. It is also important to consider the neuroscience behind the phenomenon, which validates human behavior that can be observed. This term has evolved to include both society and individuals, so that psychological numbness can be seen from either a collectivist or an individualist point of view. Individual psychic crime is found in rape victims and people suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder.
Video Psychic numbing
Histori
The original concept of psychic numbness raised by Robert Jay Lifton is that he manifests himself collectively. This means that the society or culture adjusts this attention-grabbing view and collectively applies it to current issues.
Robert Jay Lifton: "Beyond Psychic Numbing: Calls to Consciousness "
4 Lifton Focal Point:
- Hiroshima as the text for "psychic numbness"
- Nuclear Illusion
- What does nuclear weapons do to us? (Nuclear Fundamentalism)
- Hope for the future
Lifton's main focus area was the bombing of Hiroshima during World War II. He separated his analysis of the bombing into a psychological stage that spread at the community level. The Lifton article, "Beyond Psychic Numbing: A Call to Awareness", addressed the new concern at the time: nuclear war. He believes now that there is a single weapon in the world that can cause so much damage, humans should be more vigilant and face the image of nuclear power and increasing nuclearity. There is now an understanding of the people that countries can create nuclear weapons; this leads to coining Lifton from the term "nuclear fundamentalism".
All of this is disputed by Lifton for being helpful at times, but somewhat inadequate to help people feel better about the existence of nuclear weapons and potential warfare. There needs to be a sense of control to understand the consequences of nuclear war as well as strategies to combat the individual's psychological grip.
Lifton's final argument about hope for the future is that society must take action. He uses Vietnam veterans as a reference point. He has worked with them before and noticed partial changes, while he agrees this well, the public must adjust awareness that aims to teach and educate as opposed to avoiding and withdrawing from potential threats to survival.
Maps Psychic numbing
Neuroscience
Psychic numbing has been linked to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) because they share the same attributes of withdrawal and behavioral changes when presented with stimuli that trigger reminders of traumatic events or with intense neutral stimuli. The observable emotional response is not enough to understand the concept of psychic numbness. Therefore, neuroscience and biological activity that occurs in the brain is used to give people a better understanding of the thinking processes of individuals involved in psychic numbness.
The study also focused on habituation of the anterior rostral cingulate cortex (rACC). RAC is part of the limbic system, which is responsible for emotional processing. It is hypothesized that rACC determines, "appropriate resource-based allocation of attention to unpleasant emotional stimuli". This means that he can play an active role in identifying the important behavioral responses necessary to understand the consequences of hostile stimuli. The limbic system also includes areas critical to memory consolidation. The relationship between all areas of the limbic system is an area of ​​interest for psychic numbness because it summarizes two factors that contribute to the phenomenon: emotion and memory. These studies are also a good paradigm for understanding psychic numbness as they consider the aversive material sustainable and how the brain reacts with the habit in an attempt to remove the underlying emotional content.
Neuropsychophysiology
Cortisol helps regulate the stress response through a negative feedback loop, which is activated when a person experiences a particular situation that triggers a connection between emotional memories of a traumatic event and an observed autonomic response.
Stress can also be considered a brain-body reaction because these external or internal cues can include the environment as well as memory. Areas of the brain that communicate with each other are the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and hypothalamus. Through a series of feedback processes, specific neurotransmitter releases and neuromodulators occur.
Norepinephrine (NE) is released by Locus coeruleus, then transferred to the limbic system where much of the memory consolidation and response of the opponent or run are facilitated.
Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) is released from the anterior pituitary, which triggers the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenals. Chronic exposure to stress affects organisms that are associated with everyday activities and it also interferes with one's coping mechanism.
Once the HPA axis is activated, it triggers an increase in glucocorticoids. Once these hormones pass through the blood-brain barrier, they interact with other neurotransmitters and change their brain chemistry and structure.
The process of habituation is important to consider as this is a common variable in the phenomenon of psychic numbness. The constant exposure of society or individual has a prolonged and sustained animosity stimulus, the emotional magnitude of which the stimulus has greatly diminished over time to which it becomes less conspicuous for those who have been surrounded by it for a long period of time. This type of response is seen in Vietnamese veterans and rape victims suffering from PTSD.
In addition, the study illustrates the importance of rACC and cingulate cortex for the understanding and feelings of painful stimuli. Taiwanese and American researchers recorded brainwave readings from participants when the researchers looked at body parts stabbed with pins, or smeared with Q-tip. Half of the subjects were doctors and the other half was the control group. The control group showed a distinct difference in reactions to the pins compared to the Q-tip. The doctors, previously experienced in managing illness and pain, did not. The study authors theorize that physicians are unconsciously killing their reactions to the pain of a needle puncture due to his profession. This may be a beneficial result because doctors need to block the pain response and use more of the cognitive resources needed to be of assistance in the time it takes. This further shows the individual differences people have in terms of psychic numbness and deviations from more tragic stories of rape and PTSD. This type of desensitization is inseparable from the life of the participants, but it is the result of years of experience woven into everyday life, resulting in a deadly response. The brain area figures of the control group showed activation in rACC, and the doctor's brain did not, indicating there was already habituation.
Conceptualization
The original view of psychic numbness is addressed by human extinction and mass response to potentially life-threatening scenarios. Lifton argues that concern over this event is low and therefore yields the same probability from the point of view of the occurrence. This repeated exposure makes people numb to the possibility that an event of a nature can occur. However, when asked to recall the probability that mass extinctions will occur, people have a tendency to think counter-intuitively and judge probabilities as high as when in fact low and behavioral responses contradict their judgments.
In addition, many individualist views derive from studying the behavioral traits of people who suffer from PTSD. Focus groups, clinical cases, and religion play an important role in one's ability to cope with the stress of traumatic stimulation. Much research has been done that addresses the value of these therapeutic interventions as well as their efficacy. There is a strong relationship with depersonalization, emotional stupidity, and dissociation of one's identity. This shows a psychic fainting shift from a collectivist view to an individualistic view.
Collectivist
Robert Jay Lifton pioneered the psychic numbness movement and his concentration was on a much larger scale. Psychic ignorance is about the way a culture or society withdraws from a problem that should be too much to be understood by the human mind. In this case, psychic numbness is the reaction of society to the impending catastrophe, chaos, and finally the extinction of man.
Paul Slovic, a prominent psychologist in the field of risk, maintains the original interpretation put forward by Lifton. The Slovic article, "Psychological Numbing and Mass Cruelty", returns to the collectivist model and especially faces the value of saving human lives. The numbers to the right show both arguments for the hypothetical value of saving human life as well as the true value of saving human lives established through empirical Slovic research. Slovic introduces the psychophysical deadly concept, which is a diminished sensitivity to the value of life and the inability to appreciate harm. Basically, the proportion of saved lives is more important than the number of saved lives. One of Slovic's arguments for this result is that people suffer countless and can not understand the emotional connotations associated with large numbers. The threshold, as stated by Slovic, in which one can not understand the magnitude of the emotion of losing a life is two, as shown in the picture.
Slovic also shows Weber's law, which states the difference between two stimuli is proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus. In addition, Weber's law focuses on the only visible difference between the two stimuli. Slovic speaks of Weber's law from a different context - he considers the magnitude and value of human life. Slovic takes Weber's law and introduces the theory of prospects, which is a decision-making based on the potential benefits and losses, not the actual end result. Slovic found that when Weber's theory of prospects and laws were analyzed in relation to human life, the value of saving human lives was greater for smaller tragedies than the larger ones.
These are all considered collectivist views of inner kebatilan as they encapsulate the general thought theory held by the majority of citizens in society. Moreover, these views remain consistent with the original concept in which collective avoidance and attention-getting became an active state of mind in terms of the potential threat of mass extinction.
Individualist
Psychic numbing, as it shifts away from the collectivist view, is a common characteristic of people suffering from PTSD. The general definition of psychic numbness is a diminished response to the outside world. There are three elements that attribute to psychic numbness:
- Losing interest in activity
- detachment from others
- limited effect span
Both of these mechanisms promote the inability to engage emotionally with traumatic memory (reception), thus disrupting the recovery process.
Susan Gill bridged the discipline of social psychology and neuropsychology in her analysis of psychic numbness by explaining that there are important behavioral changes, the most distinctive features being like zombies and in the "dead zone".
- The relationship between being overwhelmed and completely dead.
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- The overwhelmed state is different from the complete shutdown. Excessive responses follow a state of moderate to prolonged stress and result in an active effort to regain control.
- The neurochemical state associated with dissociative behavior is not metabolized, ie they become immutable and frozen in time, leading to deviations from normal behavior.
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- An extremely manipulable brain anatomy under extreme cases of a numb psychic. Neurochemical reactions fail to metabolize and result in a lack of synaptic connections and neuronal firing without dendritic connections. There are also circles from the same information that fail to connect with other areas of the brain, resulting in the inability to exit the "dead zone".
Religion
Religion is also regarded as an internalized coping mechanism. The role of religious values ​​in dealing with life-threatening illnesses is another individualistic trait that people use to overcome the behavioral side effects associated with the disease. Depersonalization is a very prominent behavioral trait associated with cancer patients. The findings suggest that people with cancer coping are not worse than non-cancer patients. Cancer patients tend to blunt experience as a way of dealing with painful realities. Avoidance and rejection are the typical tendencies of psychic numbness. Cancer patients also report self-distancing mechanisms, and take a third-person perspective as a means to deal with life-threatening illnesses. It is said that putting one's life within the framework of religion is a very important part of the coping process. This religious framework helps patients understand that some things are beyond one's control. As discussed earlier, the lack of control of one's stress stimuli results in a level of psychic numbness. However, by placing life-threatening diseases within the religious framework takes the mystery out of disease and adds a sense of control. As discussed earlier, perceived control feeling and actual control are important contributors to adequately address the psychic.
As mentioned earlier, research on psychic numbness has suggested that people who become sensitive to suffering may be more adept at dealing with an aggravating or dangerous situation.
Nuclear denial disorder
Many people fail to react affectively to the threat of mass destruction by nuclear war, and in 1987 Thomas C. Wear called this a nuclear-denial disorder a kind of psychic numbness. This involves excessive use of defense resistance mechanisms, and "business-as-usual apathy to the threat of nuclear destruction".
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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