Commando

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A command is a soldier or operation of a light elite infantry or special operations force who often specializes in amphibious landing, parachuting or abseiling.

Initially the "command" is a type of combat unit, as opposed to the individual in that unit. In other languages, commando and kommando show "orders", including the meaning of military or elite special operations units.

In the military and government in most countries, commandos are typical because they specialize in attacks on unconventional high-value targets. However, the term command is sometimes used in conjunction with units performing the latter task (including some civil police units). Command is different from other special forces since they mainly operate in open combat, front-line surveillance, and invasion, rather than remote surveillance and unconventional warfare.

In English, sometimes to distinguish between individual command and Commando units, units are capitalized.

Video Commando

Etymology

It comes from the Afrikaans kommando , which translates roughly into "mobile infantry regiment." The term initially refers to the infantry regiment installed, which fought against the British Army in the first and second Boer Wars.

It may also have been adopted into African from interaction with the Portuguese colony. Less likely, it was the High German loan word, borrowed from Italy in the 17th century, from a sizeable minority of German settlers in the early European colonization of South Africa.

The commanding officer of an Afrikaan kommando is called a kommandant , who is a regimental commander equal to a lieutenant colonel or colonel.

The Oxford English Dictionary binds to the English usage of the word meaning "[a] member of the male pickup..." directly to the origin of his Afrikaans:

Joint Operations 1943 (Min. Of Information) i. Lieutenant Colonel DW Clarke... produces an outline of the scheme.... The men for this type of irregular warfare should, he suggests, be formed into units known as Commandos.... Not even parallel history is too far-fetched. After Roberts and Kitchener's victory had deployed Boer's troops, the guerrilla tactics of his individual units ('Commandos')... prevented decisive victories... [Sc. Lieutenant Colonel D. W. Clarke's idea was accepted; so too, with a little hesitation, is the name of Commando.

During World War II, newspaper reports of the "commando" action caused the reader to think that the single meant one person rather than a military unit, and this new usage became established.

Maps Commando

History

After the Dutch Cape Colony was founded in 1652, it was used to describe militia bands. The first "Command Code" was established by the original Dutch East India company that chartered settlements and similar laws maintained through the Independent State of Boer Orange and the Republic of South Africa. The law forces the Burghers to equip themselves with horses and firearms when needed in defense. Implementation of these laws is called "Command System". A group of attached militia members is organized into a unit known as command and is led by a Commander, usually chosen from within the unit. Those who are called to ministry are said to be "by command". The British experience with this system led to the widespread adoption of the word "commander" into English in the 1880s.

During the "Great Trek", conflicts with South Africans like Xhosa and Zulu led Boer to maintain a command system despite being free from colonial law. Also, the word is used to describe armed attacks. During this period, Boer also developed a guerrilla technique to use against indigenous but less-moving indigenous bands like the Zuluese who fought in large and complex formations.

In the First Boer War, Boer's command was able to use superior shooting skills, field, camouflage and mobility to repel occupying British troops (poorly trained in shooting skills, wearing uniforms red and not installed) from the Transvaal. This tactic continued throughout the Second Boer War. In the final phase of the war, 75,000 Boer conducted asymmetric warfare against the British imperial forces of 450,000 people for two years after the British captured the major cities of the two Boer republics. During these conflicts the word went into English, retaining the Afrikaans' sense of the language as a "militia unit" or "raid". Robert Baden-Powell recognizes the importance of the field and is inspired to form a scouting movement.

In 1941, Lieutenant Colonel D. W. Clarke of the General Staff of the British Empire suggested the name of Commando for the special attacking unit of the British Army Special Service in an attempt to generate Boer's command effectiveness and tactics. During World War II, American and British publications, confused about the use of the plural "command" for the type of British military unit, gave rise to the modern common practice of using "command" to mean either a member of such a unit, or one person conducting an assault operation.

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Green Beret and training origin

Since the 20th century and World War II in particular, commandos have been separated from other military units based on their extreme training regime; this is usually associated with the provision of green beret originating from the British Commandos. The British Commandos were instrumental in setting up many other international command units during World War II. Some international command units were formed from members who served as part of or alongside British Command, such as the Dutch Command Corps (still wearing flash acclaim from the British Fairbairn-Sykes Fighting Knife), Belgium's 5th Special Airspace or the Greek Sacred Band (World War II). In 1944, the SAS Brigade was formed from SAS 1 and 2 England, SAS 3 and 4 France, and SAS 5 Belgium. The French Army special forces (1er RPIMa) still use the motto of Qui Ose Gagne, the SAS motto "Who Dares Wins."

In addition, many Commonwealth countries are part of the original British Command unit. They developed their own national tradition, including the Australian Special Air Services Regiment, the New Zealand Special Air Service, and South Rhodesian Special Air Services, all sharing (or used for) the same symbols and motto as their English counterparts. During the Second World War, the British SAS quickly adopted the sand-colored beret, as they were almost entirely based in the North African theater; they use this green beret to distinguish themselves from other British Command units. (See Special Air Service History). Other Commonwealth command units were formed after the Second World War directly under British Command units, such as the Australian First Command Regiment (Australia), different from the special operations of Australia, the Second Command Regiment (Australia), from the 2nd Battalion forest war, the Royal Regiment Australia during the Second World War.

Rangers AS was founded by Major General Lucian Truscott of the US Army, a liaison officer with the General Staff of England. In 1942, he submitted a proposal to General George Marshall that an American unit was formed "along the lines of British Command". The original US Rangers were trained at the British Command Center at Achnacarry Castle. The original formation of the US Navy SEAL, Observer Group, was also trained and influenced by the British Commandos. The US Special Forces came with the First Special Service Force, formed under British Joint Operations.

Malaysian green beret PASKAL and Gerak Khas Group (still wearing Blue Lanyards from the Royal Marines) were initially trained by the British Command. The special operation of the Brazilian marines COMANF also comes from the assistance of the Royal Marines. Other British units, such as SAS, led to the development of many international special operations units now commonly referred to as commandos, including Pakistan Special Service Group, MARCOS Indians and Jordanian special forces.

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World War I

Austro-Hungarian attack unit

During the winter of 1914-1915 most of the Eastern Front turned to the trench warfare. To cope with the new situation, many Austro-Hungarian regimens spontaneously formed infantry teams called Jagdkommandos . These troops were named after a specially trained Russian army force formed in 1886 and used to protect against ambushes, for reconnaissance and for low intensity combat on no man's land.

The command of the Austro-Hungarian army ( Armeeoberkommando , AOK) recognized the need for special forces and decided to capitalize on the German experience. Beginning in September-October 1916 about 120 officers and 300 NCOs were trained in the German training area in Beuville (near Doncourt village) to become the main cadres of the newly-appointed Austro-Hungarian army battalion attack. Former Jagdkommandos are included in this battalion.

Italy

The first country to form command troops was Italy, in the summer of 1917, shortly before Germany.

Italy used a special trench-raiding team to break the static battle impasse against Austria-Hungary, in the battle of Alpine World War I. These teams were called "Arditi" (meaning "bold, courageous"); they are almost always men under 25 years old in excellent physical condition and, perhaps at first, a bachelor (for fear of a very high casualty rate). In fact Arditi (who was led into the line just hours before the attack, having been conditioned with the field through photo-reconnaissance and trained in an ad hoc re-created trench system for them) suffered fewer casualties than regular line infants and was very successful in their task. Many of them volunteered for extreme-right formation in the turbulent years after the war and (the Fascist Party is proud of this and adopted Arditi's style and behavior), but some people from left-wing political persuasion created the "Arditi del Popolo" (People the Arditi people) and for several years held fascist raids during the hearing, defending the Socialist and Communist Party sections, buildings, rallies, and meeting places.

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World War II

Finnish

During the Advanced War Finland fielded Erillinen Pataljoona 4. Approximately 150 people were trained prior to the onset of the ongoing War. Initially the unit only had at least 15 people, but during the war it increased to 60 people. On July 1, 1943 the units were organized in the 4th Battalion of the Battalion. In 1944, a special unit with the He-115 amphibious aircraft was erected to support the battalion. The total strength of the battalion is 678 men, and 76 women (see Lotta SvÃÆ'¤rd).

In the Battle of Ilomantsi, the 4th army disrupted the Soviet artillery supply line, preventing effective gun support.

The battalion made more than 50 missions in 1943 and just under 100 in 1944. The Battalion also took part in the Lapland war, and was dissolved on 30 November 1944.

Sissiosasto/5.D is another Finnish Command unit from the World War II era. The detachment was established on August 20, 1941, under the Lynx Division (Division 5, Finnish Corps VI). It is a stand-alone unit for reconnaissance, sabotage operations and guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines.

German

In December 1939, after successful German infiltration and sabotage operations in the Polish campaign, the German Office for Foreign and Counter-Intelligence (OKW Amt Ausland/Abwehr) formed the Brandenburger Regiment (officially known as the Special Purpose Training and the 800th Construction Company). Brandenburger conducted a mix of covert and conventional operations but became increasingly involved in the usual infantry action and was eventually transformed into the Panzer-Grenadier Division, suffering heavy losses in Russia. Otto Skorzeny (best known for saving Benito Mussolini) performed many special operations for Adolf Hitler. Skorzeny ordered Sonderlehrgang z.b.V. Oranienburg, Sonderverband z.b.V. Friedenthal, and SS-JÃÆ'¤ger-Bataillon 502, SS Parachute Battalion 500, SS-Jagdverband Mitte and all other SS command units.

The German FallschirmjÃÆ'¤ger is renowned for their elite skills and is used in rapid commando attack and is used as an elite infantry "fire brigade".

A report written by Major General Robert Laycock in 1947 said there was a German attack on a radar station on the Isle of Wight in 1941.

Japanese

In 1944-45, the Japanese Teishin Shudan ("Raiding Group") and the Giretsu detachment ("heroic") carried out air strikes at Allied airfields in the Philippines, Marianas and Okinawa. The attack force varies in size from several paratroopers to operations involving several companies. Due to the balance of related forces, these raids were little in the way of damage or casualties, and resulted in the destruction of the Japanese unit in question. Given that there were no plans to extract these forces, and the reluctance to surrender by Japanese personnel during the era, they were often seen in the same light as the kamikaze pilots of 1944-45.

Nakano School trains intelligence and command officers and organizes command teams for sabotage and guerrilla warfare.

The navy has a "S-toku" command unit (a special submarine attack unit, see Kure 101st JSNLF (in Japanese)) to infiltrate enemy territory by submarine. It's called the Japanese Navy Special Forces of Kure 101st, Sasebo 101st and 102nd.

Italy

The most famous command unit in Italy from World War II was Decima Flottiglia MAS ("10 Assault Vehicle Flotilla"), which, from mid-1940, drowned or destroyed considerable tonnage of Allied ships in the Mediterranean.

After Italy surrendered in 1943, some of the Decima Flottiglia MAS were at the side of the Allies from the battle line and fought with the Allies, renaming themselves to Mariassalto . Others fought on the German side and defended their real names but did not operate at sea after 1943, mostly working against the Italian partisans; some of them are involved in atrocities against civilians.

In the postwar years, the Italian marine command was reorganized as "Comsubin" (short for Comando Subacqueo Incursori , or the Underwater Pilot Command). They were wearing a green commando beret.

USSR

Voyennaya Razvyedka (Razvedchiki Scouts) is a military intelligence unit/unit in a larger formation in ground troops, air forces and marines. Intelligence brigade in division, reconnaissance company in brigade, reconnaissance platoon in regiment.

Soviet Naval Frogmen Legendary Soviet naval hunter Viktor Leonov orders an elite unit of Naval Command. The 4th Special Volunteer Detachment is a unit of 70 veterans. Initially they were limited to performing small-scale reconnaissance missions, platoon-sized inserts by sea and sometimes on land to Finland and then Norway. Then they renamed the 181th Special Detachment Detachment. They began a sabotage and raid mission to capture prisoners for interrogation. They will also destroy German ammunition and provide depots, communications centers, and disrupt enemy troop concentrations along the coasts of Finland and Russia. After the European conflict ended Leonov and his men were sent to the Pacific theater to conduct operations against the Japanese.

United Kingdom

In 1940, the British Army also formed an "independent company", later reformed as a battalion-sized "commando", thus reviving the word. Britain assumes that their commandos are small, surveillance troops and lookouts are very mobile. They intend to bring everything they need and not stay in the field for more than 36 hours. The Army Command is all the volunteers selected from soldiers who are still in England.

During the war, the British Army Command gave birth to several other notable British units such as Special Air Service, Special Boat Service, and Parachute Regiment. The British Army Command itself was never organized and dissolved at the end of the war.

The Special Operations Executive (SOE) also established a commando unit of the British and displaced Europeans (eg, Cichociemni) to conduct offensive operations in occupied Europe. They also work in small teams, such as SAS, which consists of ten or fewer commandos because it is better for special operations. One example is the Norwegian Independent Company 1, which destroyed heavy water facilities in Norway in 1941.

The Royal Navy also controls the Royal Navy Beach Parties, based on a team formed to control Dunkirk evacuations in 1940. It became known only as RN Commandos, and they saw no action until they managed to fight to seize the landing coast (as in the Dieppe Killing catastrophe on 19 August 1942). The RN Commandos, including the Commando "W" from the Royal Canadian Navy, saw the action on D-Day.

In 1942, nine navy Naval Infantry battalions reorganized as Commandos, numbering 40-48, joined the British Army Command at the joint Combat Brigade. After the war, the Army Command was disbanded. The Royal Marines formed the capabilities of the immortal Brigade as a 3 Commando Brigade with supporting army units.

The Royal Air Force also formed 15 command units in 1942, each of which was 150 strong. These units consist of trained technicians, armors and maintainers who volunteer to do command courses. This RAF Command accompanies Allied invasion forces in all theaters; Their main role is to enable friendly advancing combat operations by serving and arming them from the airfields captured. However, due to the front position of this airfield, Royal Air Force Command is also trained to secure and make this airfield safe and to help defend them from enemy counterattacks.

Australia

The Australian Army established a commando unit, known as an Australian independent company in the early stages of World War II. They first saw the action in early 1942 during the Japanese attack in New Ireland, and in the Battle of Timor. Part of the Independent Company 2/1 was removed in New Ireland, but in Timor, Independent Company 2/2 formed the heart of Allied forces involving Japanese forces in a guerrilla campaign. The Japanese commander on the island drew parallels with the Boer War, and decided that it would require a 10: 1 numerical advantage to defeat the Allies. This campaign attracted the attention of all Japanese divisions for almost a year. The independent companies were later renamed the commando squadron, and they saw widespread action in the Southwest Pacific Region, especially in New Guinea and Kalimantan. In 1943, all the command squadrons except 2/2 and 2/8 were grouped into the 2/6, 2/7 and 2/9th Cavalry Command Regulations.

Later in the war, the Australian Navy also formed a commando unit along the Royal Navy Command line to go ashore with the first wave of large amphibious assaults, to mark beaches and perform other naval tasks. This is known as RAN Commandos. Four formed - letters A, B, C and D like their English counterparts - and they took part in the Borneo campaign.

Z Force, the Australian-British-New Zealand military intelligence command unit, set up by the Australian Department of Reconnaissance Service, also conducted numerous raid and surveillance operations in the South West Pacific theater, especially Operation Jaywick, where they destroyed Japanese tonnes of shipping at the Port of Singapore. Attempts to replicate this success, with Operation Rimau, resulted in the death of almost everyone involved. However, Z Force and other SRD units continued to operate until the end of the war.

New Zealand

New Zealand established the Southern Independent Command in Fiji in 1942. Its main function was to wage a guerrilla war against any Japanese troops if they attempted to seize strategically important Fijian islands. 200 native Fijians were recruited and organized by 44 New Zealanders. The training was heavily focused on forest battles, and many successful 'imitation' attacks on American garrisons awakened to find stupid time bombs placed in their ammunition dumps, or limestone crosses drawn on their guard equipment.

When it became clear that the Japanese invasion of Fiji was no longer possible, the command was deployed to perform the tasks of scouting US troops around Guadalcanal and New Georgia. Subsequent recruitment was extended to include people from other Pacific islands such as Solomon and Tonga, and occasionally British or American personnel took part in training or accompanying commandos in missions. After many successful operations and engagements, the harsh conditions of long forest life brought their victims, and many people began to suffer from illness. As a result, the command decreased its strength until it was declared unfit for further service, and dissolved in May 1944.

The command contribution to the Solomon Islands campaign was significant, with senior US officers calling the unit "the most capable," "priceless" and "no doubt... very helpful in the campaign".

New Zealand is also an important component of the Long Range Desert Group, which conducts reconnaissance and strike missions occasionally far behind enemy lines during the North African Campaign.

Canada

A combined unit of Canadian-American Command, the First Special Forces, dubbed the Satanic Brigade, was formed in 1942 under the command of Colonel Robert Frederick. The unit initially saw service in the Pacific, in August 1943 in Kiska in the Aleutians campaign. But most of its operations took place during the Italian campaign and in southern France. His most famous attack, documented in the movie The Satan Brigade , is the battle of Monte la Difensa. In 1945, the unit was dissolved; some Canadian members were sent to Canadian Parachute Battalion 1 as a substitute, and American members were sent to the 101st Airborne Division or the 82nd Air Division in lieu of the 474th Regiment or Combat Team. Ironically they were sent to service in Norway in 1945, their country was formed to attack.

Greek

The Sacred band (Greek: ????????? ) is a Greek special forces unit formed in 1942 in the Middle East, composed entirely of officers and officers Greece. cadets under the command of Colonel Christodoulos Tsigantes. It fought alongside SAS in the Libyan Desert and with SBS in Aegean, as well as with General Leclerc French Free Forces in Tunisia. It was dissolved in August 1945.

United States

During 1941, the United States Marine Corps formed a commando battalion. The USMC Command is known collectively as the Marine Raiders. On orders from President Franklin D. Roosevelt through a proposal from OSS Director, Colonel William J. Donovan and former US Marine Detachment Commander Major Evans F Carlson, directed the formation of what became the Marine Raiders. Originally this unit was called Marine Commandos and became a partner of British Command. The name of the Marine Command met with much controversy within the Marine Corps that commanded Commander Thomas J. Holcomb to declare, "the term 'Marine' is sufficient to show a person ready to serve anytime, and injecting a special name, such as command , will be undesirable and useless. "President Roosevelt's son, James Roosevelt, serves alongside the Marine Raiders. The Raiders initially saw action at the Battle of Tulagi and the Battle of Makin, as well as the Battle of Guadalcanal, the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay, and other parts of the Pacific Ocean Region. In February 1944, four Raider battalions were transformed into regular Marines units. In addition, as a parachute unit of parachute units, Paramarines is arguably also qualified as a commando - although they were also assimilated with regular Marine units in 1944.

In mid-1942, the United States Army established the Rangers Army in Northern Ireland under William O. (Bill) Darby. The Rangers are designed along the same lines as the British Command. The first big Ranger action took place in August 1942 at Dieppe Raid, where 50 Rangers from the 1st Ranger Battalion were scattered among Canadian and British commandos. The first full Ranger action took place in November 1942 during the Algerian invasion of Northwest Africa in (Operation Torch), again by members of 1st Ranger Battalion.

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After 1945

After World War II there was much publicity about the actions of "commandos"; many civilians who read these reports, guess the meaning of the context, think in error that a single "command" means one person, and that use becomes common.

Australia

In Australia, Army command squadrons were disbanded at the end of the war. However, in 1954, two units of Citizens Military Force (reserve), 1 and 2 Commando Companies, were raised.

First Command Regiment (1 Cdo Regt), regimental structure for reserve command company - and 126 Signal Squadron (Special Forces) - formed during the 1980s. It adopted a green beret worn by its predecessor of World War II.

In 1997, the Australian government ordered the conversion of the 4th Battalion, the Royal Australian Regiment (4RAR) into a permanent, non-reserve command battalion, with instructors from First Command Regiment and Special Air Services Regiment (SASR). 126 Squadron The signal is moved to 4RAR and 301 Signal Squadron is resurrected to join 1 Cdo Regt. In 2009, 4RAR was renamed to Command Two Regiment (2 Cdo Regt).

1 Cdo and 2 Cdo using identical selection and training. One company of 2 Cdo is responsible for counterterrorism operations and responses in eastern Australia and is officially known as Tactical Assault Group-East (TAG-E). The company reflects its original brother unit (Assault Group) in the West (TAG-W), which is part of the SASR.

Commands from 1CDO and 2CDO have been deployed for peacekeeping and combat missions in several countries, including East Timor, Solomon Islands, Iraq and Afghanistan.

Austria

The Jagdkommando (lit. Hunting Command ) is the Special Operations Group of the Austrian Armed Forces.

The task of this elite unit fits with its foreign counterparts, such as the Special Forces of the United States Armed Forces, among other Counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency. Jagdkommando soldiers are highly trained professionals whose rigorous and rigorous training enables them to take over when tasks or situations exceed the capabilities and specializations of conventional units.

Bangladesh

The First Command Battalion was formed by the Bangladesh Army in 1992 from the Special Air Service inspiration. The elite group consists of members from various tight Corps of the Military. The Bangladeshi Navy has since established the Special Warfare Diving and Salvage in 2009, which is also an elite army group, similar to the US Navy SEALs.

Belgium

The Belgian commando unit is the Immediate Command and Reaction Brigade Reaction Regiment.

Canada

The Canadian commandos were disbanded and recreated at various times in the years after the war, and in 1968 the Canadian Airborne Regiment was formed. It is divided into three Airborne Command each of the company's strengths. This produces a ceiling of about 750 members in all ranks, organized into three smaller company-sized commands. Three commandos of air formed around three regimental affiliates: 1 Commando with Royal 22 ^e RÃÆ' Â © giment, 2 Commando with Princess Patricia Canadian Light Infantry, and 3 Commando with Royal Canadian Regiment. The Canadian Airborne Regiment was dissolved after the torture and murder of Shidane Arone, a Somali civilian, in 1993, and other accusations about mistakes in the Regiment. Later, a parliamentary inquiry questioned why the elite commando unit was sent to a peacekeeping mission. The Canadian Special Operations Regiment (CSOR) is known as a command unit but a special forces unit and the Joint Two Canadian Joint Task Force, or JTF2, is also sometimes referred to as a "commando" unit, but technically a unit of terrorism.

China

• Beijing Military Region- "Oriental Sword" belonging to the Beijing Military Region. All 3000 troops in troops complete all types of operations.
• The Guangzhou Military Special Forces Unit - "Southern Sword" or "South China Traders" was founded in 1988 as the first special surveillance group of the People's Liberation Army, and then expanded in 2000 to become the first PLA-specific operating unit capable of air operations, sea ​​and land similar to the US Navy SEALs.
• Chengdu Military Region Special Unit Unit - "Falcon". Founded in 1992, this unit specializes in target locations and shows, air insertion, sabotage and offensive attacks, and emergency evacuations.
• Special Unit of the Beijing Military Special Forces - "Arrows". Founded in the early 1990s, the unit is equipped with a variety of "high-tech" equipment including unmanned aerial surveillance vehicles (UARV), individual blast devices and hand-blinding laser weapons.
• Shenyang Military Region Special Unit Unit - "Siberian Tiger" is capable of completing missions on land and in air and water, and survives in the wilderness alone or in small groups.
• Nanjing Military Region Special Unit - The nickname "Flying Dragon" is a special ground troop of the eastern Nanjing Military Region of China.
• Nanjing Military Region Special Unit Unit - "Oscar"
• Lanzhou Military Region Special Forces Unit - "The Night of the Tiger" has a long and famous history with its origins since World War II. This is the home of China's first counter-terrorism unit, founded in 2000.
• Military Region Special Unit Unit of Jinan - "Eagle" Special Forces Elang troop troop can complete marine ground operations also similar to US Navy SEAL
• Hong Kong Special Task Force - "5-minute Response Unit"
  • Macau Quick Reaction Platoon
• The Thor Command Air Force (Leishen) Air Force is a special force for PLA airborne surveillance operations, capable of performing strategic defensive tasks, combat attacks, task operations under IT-based conditions.
• The PLA Navy "Marine Naga" command team is equipped with a black uniform, the first mission publicly known to accompany three Chinese warships in protecting and escorting commercial vessels against Somali pirates in December 2008, working with other countries as part of the UN mandate. Since then, this unit has participated in an anti-piracy mission in the Gulf of Eden for over 300 days.
• Leopard is the name given to the crack troops of the special forces forces of Falcon China Southwest.

Brazil

Brazil created a special operations force in the 1950s. There are command units in the Brazilian Army and in the navy. In the Brazilian Army the main unit is the Special Operations Brigade, and their Naval counterparts are COMANF, which is part of the Brazilian Marine Corps.

Chile

In Chile, the Naval, Naval and Air Force Special Forces units are characterized by their black barracks and for the use of a special knife type called Corvo.

Congo

The former Belgian Congo had a commando firm on independence in 1960 and this was soon expanded to become a battalion, known as the First Command Battalion. The 2nd Command Battalion was added several years later. From 1963, the 3rd and 4th Commando Command Command established by the Congo was formed but nothing more than an ordinary infantry unit. In 1964, the 5th and 6th Command Battalions were formed primarily with mercenaries, and Command Battalions 7 through 15 mainly with Congolese people but with some NCO and white officers. Again, there is no actual commando training and the units are more similar to motorized infantry, with some armor. The dates of 5 to 15 were all dissolved by 1967.

Denmark

Brief from the Royal Danish Defense College registered two Danish specialty operations units:

• JÃÆ'Â|gerkorpset (Danish Government Army)
• FrÃÆ'¸mandskorpset (Danish Royal Navy)

Two other Danish units have some special forces status claims. Special Support and Reconnaissance The Danish Home Keeper is capable of reconnaissance behind the back line, similar to the Cold War role of the 21st and 23rd SAS Regiment of England. The Royal Danish Navy also has a unique ski patrol unit that patrols dogs in Greenland throughout the year. This unit, the Sirius Patrol, retains combat capability.

• 2nd Light Reconnaissance Squadron

French

In France, the command is the name of Special Operations or Special Operations Capable units and the name of the elite light infantry training.

• French Army (Armà © Ã… © de de Terre)

Commanders are trained at the national command center d'entraÃÆ'®nement or National Command Training Center. Graduates from the Center both serve in SF units (1er RPIMa and 13e RDP), within the SOC unit (Commando Parachute Group at 11 Parachute Brigades and Mountain Command Groups at 27th Mountain Infantry Brigade) or as instructors in the Army Unit routine. In addition, members of the National Counter-Terrorist Gendarmerie Counterfeit and the Black Operations Division (Division of Action) from the Directorate General for External Security are usually graduates from the Center. The National Center has three training programs, commonly called levels: Training, Instructor, and Senior Instructor. In order to qualify for a senior course, the candidate must pass one junior (s) with outstanding results.

• French Navy (Marine Nationale)

The Commandos Marine is a component of the Navy's Special Operations Command. They withdrew their personnel from the Infantry Navy ( fusiliers marins ) and had their own training channels, but they could also train at the Army Training Center.

• • Commando Hubert: (also called Command d'Action Sous-Marine Hubert, CASM, "underwater operations command"): Submarine action (combat diver).
  • Jaubert's Command: Sea attack, excilation, close combat at sea.
  • Commando Trepel: Attacking at sea, eksfiltrasi.
  • Commando de PenfentenyoÃ,: Reconnaissance, Intelligence Operations (surveillance scouts)
  • Commando de Montfort: Long distance penetration (missile launcher, light mortar, heavy sniper rifle), fire support pointer
  • Commando Kieffer: C3I, military dog ​​
• French Air Force (ArmÃÆ'Â © e de L'Air).

The Parachute Commandos ( commandos parachutistes ) is the Infantry Air Force unit ( fusiliers de l'Air ). They have their own training channels, but they can also train at the Army Training Center

• • Commando parachutiste de l'Air n  ° 10 (CPA 10) is a component of the Air Force of the Special Operations Command
  • Commando parachutiste de l'Air n  ° 20: Remote Base Protection and JTAC.
  • Commando parachutiste de l'Air n  ° 20: RESCO

Germany

During the Cold War, the East German National People's Army had an elite commando unit known as 40. FallschirmjÃÆ'¤gerbataillon Willi SÃÆ'¤nger. Approximately only 10% of applicants who pass the entrance exam and training are demanding. 40. FallschirmjÃÆ'¤gerbataillon should be modeled after the "Rejdoviki," a special-purpose Soviet directive unit intended to be used for command operations and for subversion and long-range surveillance missions.

The German Army currently operates the FernspÃÆ'¤hkompanie (German elite long-range reconnaissance company), and Kommando SpezialkrÃÆ'¤fte (KSK).

The KSK is stationed at Calw, in the Black Forest area of ​​southern Germany. It consists of about 1,100 soldiers, but only the nucleus is in combat units. The exact number is not available, because this information is considered confidential. The KSK is part of the Special Operations Division (Div Spezielle Operationen or DSO).

The combat unit is divided into four command companies of about 100 people each and the company's special command with veterans takes on a support job. Each of the four commandos has five special platoons:

• First platoon: land insertion
• 2nd platoon: air operations
• Platoon 3: amphibian operation
• The 4th Platoon: operates in a specific geographic or meteorological environment (eg mountains or polar regions)
• 5th platoon: reconnaissance, snipers, and sniper operations
• Command Platoon

There were four commando teams in each platoon. Each of these groups consisted of about four skilful soldiers. One of each group is specially trained as a weapon, medical, combat engineer or communications expert. Additionally groups may include other specialists, e.g. heavy weapons or linguists.

Other special units, Kampfschwimmer (comparable to USN SEALs) are operated by the German Navy.

India

The Para Commandos is a special forces unit of the Indian Army. Formed in 1952, Commandos are the largest and most important part of the Special Forces of India. They are highly trained Indian Army units, intended to operate behind enemy lines.

The Frontier Special Forces were the Indian paramilitary special forces established on November 14, 1962. Its main purpose was to conduct a secret operation behind the Chinese lines in other Indo-Chinese war events. The SFF was raised with covert operations in mind, especially along the Indo-Chinese border, but the SFF has been downgraded by R & AW and the Indian government in various covert and open operations.

The Garud Command Force is an Indian Air Force Special Forces unit. This unit gets its name from the word for the eagle in Sanskrit. Garud served as a quick response team during attacks on critical Air Force bases and installations; as well as search and rescue of falling pilots, forward air control and conduct attacks on enemy air defenses and radar installations.

MARCOS (marine command) is an Indian Navy command unit designed to perform operations from the air, at sea and on land.

The National Security Guard is a special force in India that is primarily used for anti-terrorism activities. (NSG) personnel known as the Black Cat Command. There are 2 main units of NSG, Special Action Group (SAG) and Special Ranger Group (SRG). The Special Action Group is a combat force in anti-terrorist rescue and hostage-taking operations. Special Rangers Group (SRG) is in charge of providing VVIP security for high risk VVIPs in India.

Ghatak Force is a special platoon of battalion level in the Indian Army, with one in every battalion. They are used as elite infantry for spearhead attacks, conducting reconnaissance and continuing battalion goals on the battlefield.

SOG (Special Operations Group (India)) is a special forces unit of the Jammu and Kashmir Police Department involved in anti-terror activities in the state.

The Force One is an elite commando force, which is a special anti-terrorism unit to guard the metropolitan area of ​​Mumbai, one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world, formed by the Maharashtra Government on the National Security Guard (NSG) line.

Kerala Thunderbolts is an elite commando troop, specializing in counter-terrorism and Anti-naxel activities, set up by the Kerala Government on the line of the National Security Guard.

The Special Tactical Unit is an urban terrorist unit based in Odisha, India. They specialize in urban war scenarios including hostage situations.

Indonesia

Army

Kopassus
A portmanteau of Ko mando Pas tu Khu sus or "Special Forces Command" is the Indonesian Army ( TNI-AD ) special forces group conducting special operations missions for the Indonesian government, such as direct action, unconventional warfare, sabotage, counter-insurgency, counter-terrorism, intelligence gathering and Special surveillance. Kopassus was established on 16 April 1952 and like other special units within the TNI, he was able to conduct military operations in various dimensions, namely Land, Sea, and Air. It received worldwide attention after several such operations during the Indonesian invasion of East Timor and the release of hostages from Garuda Indonesia Flight 206.

Navy

Taifib
Taifib (Bahasa Indonesia: Inside Battalion tai Am fib i ) is an elite surveillance unit within the Indonesian Marine Corps assigned to perform Amphibious reconnaissance and Special surveillance. It is operationally similar to Combat Reconnaissance Platoon (Indonesian: Platoon Combat Combat , abbreviated "Tontaipur") from the Army Kostrad corps. Taifib formerly known as "Kipam" (short for: " K omando I ntai P fig Am fibi") which literally means in English: The Amphibious Reconnaissance Command, formed in 1961 under the auspices of the Indonesian Navy and like any other special unit within the TNI, is capable of military operations in various dimensions of Land, Sea and Water.

Air Force

Paskhas
Paskhas is an air force infantry troop and special forces of the Indonesian Air Force ( TNI-AU ). Paskhas is trained to perform command and air-oriented operations such as the Combat Control team, airfield control and defense, search and combat rescue, Jumpmaster, air, ground-forward air control, high altitude military skirmishes, air strikes, and live action. They can also operate as Air Traffic Controllers (ATC) in certain situations. The Corps was established on October 17, 1947 and like other special units within the TNI, it was able to conduct military operations in various dimensions of Land, Sea and Air.

Iran

Revolutionary Guards

In the Islamic Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC), one of its five branches, the elite Quds Forces specialize in extraterritorial operations. In the Army, the Saberin Battalion is the most famous special unit. The Naval Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps has its own special marine unit.

Army

The Ground Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran's Armed Forces whose members are trained at the Lashkarak Takavar Training Center:

• Division of the Paravian-based Takavar 23
• The 58th Division of Takavar ( Zolfaghar Division) based in Shahroud
• 25 Takavar Brigade based in Passive
• 35th Takavar Brigade based in Kermanshah
• 45th Takavar Brigade based in Shushtar
• The 55th Air Brigade based in Shiraz
• the 65th Brigade of the Tehran-based Brigade Special Air Force Brigades ( NOHED Brigade). Mashregh News considers the unit one of the top ten command units in the world.

Islamic Republic of Iran Navy beret/marine (Persian: ??????????? ?) Members are trained in the Unicycle Training Center Takavar:

• The First Marine Brigade ( Imam Hossein Brigade) based in Bandar Abbas
• 2nd Marine Brigade ( Hazrat Rasul-i-Akram Brigade) based in Bushehr
• 3 Sea Brigade ( Hamza Sayyid-ush-Shuhda Brigade) based in Konarak

During the reign of the last Shah (king) of Iran, much of the naval training was created by members of the Soviet Spetsnaz and the British Special Boat Service. Training at least 12 months process. After the recruitment has shown minimum physical requirements, it is sent to the school collection.

Iraq

On August 31, 2016, Clarksville Online reported US troops from 1st Battalion, 502th Infantry Regiment, Task Force, Airborne Division 101 (Air Attack), took over the Ranger training program for eligible volunteers from Iraqi security forces in Camp Taji, Iraq. The Ranger training program, led by Company A, 1-502, is designed to lay the foundation for Iraq's elite unit.

Israel

The Israeli defense forces' main command units include Shayetet 13, Sayeret Matkal and Shaldag Unit.

Shayetet 13 is an elite naval commando unit of Israel. S'13 specializes in sea-to-ground attacks, counter-terrorism, sabotage, maritime intelligence gathering, maritime hostage rescue, and boarding. This unit is honored as one of the world's best special forces.

Sayeret Matkal (General Staff Reconnaissance Unit) is a special forces unit of the Israeli Defense Force (IDF) which is directly under the Military Intelligence Directorate.

Particularly a field intelligence collection unit specializing in specialized reconnaissance behind enemy lines, Sayeret Matkal is also tasked with counter-terrorism, rescue hostages, and foreign espionage. Modeled after the British Army's Special Air Service - from which he mimics the motto, "Who Dares, Wins" - this unit is considered to be the equivalent of the famous Israel Delta Force in the United States.

As one of Israel's most elite commando units, Sayeret Matkal is said to have been involved in almost every major counter-terrorism operation since its inception in 1957.

The umbrella brigade also known as the 35th Brigade, is an elite unit of paratroopers within the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF), and forms a major part of the Infantry Corps. It has a history of carrying out special forces force missions dating back to the 1950s. Sayeret Tzanhanim is Israel's elite reconnaissance elite troop in the US Army Rangers mold. They've done a lot of black operations for years.

The Egoz Reconnaissance Unit is a unit of Israeli Special Forces command, in the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF). Egoz is a unit specializing in guerrilla warfare, anti-guerrilla, behind intelligence gathering of enemy lines, and more complicated soil activity. Egoz is part of the Command Brigade but still completes basic training with Golani Brigade.

The Golani Brigades, also known as Brigade 1, are regular Israeli service infantry brigades under the 36th Division and are traditionally associated with the Northern Command. This is one of five regular Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) service infantry brigades. The symbol is a green olive tree with a yellow background, with the soldiers wearing a brown beret. This is one of the most decorated infantry units in the IDF. The brigade consisted of five battalions, including two battalions kept from the beginning (12 and 13), one transferred from Givati ​​(51st), and two special forces battalions.

Maglan (Also known as Unit 212 or Sayeret Maglan ) is an Israeli special forces unit specializing in operations behind enemy lines and deep in enemy territory using advanced technology and weaponry.

Unit 217, often called the Duvdevan Unit is a special elite operations force within the Israeli Defense Forces, part of the Command Brigade. Duvdevan is best known for its undercover operations in urban areas, where they often wear Arab civilian clothes as disguises. They are also known to be trained in human and mechanical reconnaissance. Along with Sayeret Matkal, soldiers at Duvdevan are the only soldiers in the IDF who are in charge of wearing their uniforms without identifying shoulder tabs.

The Alpinist unit is a special infantry reserve unit of the Israeli Defense Forces, under the command of the Northern Command of Israel, specializing in mountain war, snow and hard battlefield on the north front, especially Mt. Hermon.

The Shaldag Unit, also known as Unit 5101 , is an elite Israeli Air Force commando unit. Shaldag's mission is to spread undetected into battles and hostile environments to conduct special surveillance, establish an assault zone or airfield while simultaneously carrying out air traffic controls and command actions.

The main Israeli commando unit of the Haganah, the forerunner of the modern IDF, is the Palmach. The first special forces unit established after Israel's independence was Unit 101.

Italy

Malta

• Company C of the First Regiment

Dutch

Norwegian

• Norwegian Special Operations Command (NORSOCOM)
• Marinejegerkommandoen (MJK)
• Forsvarets Spesialkommando (FSK)
• Kystjegerkommandoen (KJK)

Pakistan

The Special Service Group (SSG) is the Pakistani Army's independent command division. This is a special elite operations force. Official numbers were entered into 2,100 people, in 3 Battalions; But the power is actually classified. Based in Cherat and Attock, SSG was formed in 1956 with the active support of the US Special Operations Force. That year the 19th Battalion of the Baloch Regiment (19 Baloch) was chosen to be converted into a Special Operations Force.

SSG also has a unit in the Pakistani Navy known as Special Service Group Navy (SSGN). SSGN currently maintains its headquarters in Karachi and is led by a Pakistani Navy Commander. In 2006, SSGN created two new groups, Pak Seals and VBSS. Mr. Seals will operate at sea, from the air and on land.

SSG in 2001 created a special forces unit for the Pakistani Air Force called the Special Service Wing (SSW). The new component of the Pakistani Special Forces is still being trained and built.

Polish

Portugal

The Portuguese Armed Forces, currently, include the following command type troops: Team Comandos , Team Parachute, Corpo de Fuzileiros.

The first modern commando type created by the Portuguese Army was the Sapadores de Assalto (Assault Sappers), a small attack sub-unit organized within the Army School of Engineers, by the then captain Kaulza de Arriaga, in 1947. However, most of the Army opposed the presence of special forces and the Sapadores de Assalto soon became extinct.

Later, Kaulza de Arriaga, will be appointed as the First Air Secretary and - in this role - created the Portuguese Parish Force in 1956, with command characteristics, as part of the Portuguese Air Force and not from the Army.

In 1960, the Army created another command type unit, CaÃÆ'§adores Especiais (Special Gun). The CaÃÆ'§adores Especiais will fight at the beginning of the Portuguese Foreign War in Africa. However, the Army faction opposing the presence of special forces wins again and the decision is taken to cure the CaÃÆ'§adores Especiais and to extend the training given to these units to all Army field units..

It was soon found impossible to train all units as CaÃÆ'§adores Especiais . This comes from the creation of Comandos . The first of these powers was created in North Angola in 1962, originally as a surprise sub-unit of a regular field battalion and then as an independent unit. The Comandos are designed to take special action in the Portuguese territory or abroad, to wage war as an invasion/assault force and to give high political and military orders with the power to perform irregular operations.

Outside of the aforementioned, the Portuguese Armed Forces and Security organized and employed several other types of commandos in the Foreign Wars of Angola, Mozambique and Portuguese Guinea, including the Fuzileiros Especiais (Special Marines) of Portuguese Navy , Flechas (Arrow) from the State and International Defense Police and Grupos Especiais (Special Group) from the Government of Mozambique.

Rhodesia

During the Wars of Rhodesia Bush from 1965-1980, the Rhodesia military increased the use of the type of command of operations in the fight against rebels until the formation of Zimbabwe. In Rhodesian Light Infantry, Commando is also a name given to its company-sized units.

• Rhodesian Light Infantry
• Rhodesian Special Air Service
• Selous Scout

Russian

Russia has several units that can be registered under the differentiation command. The 45th Detachment Brigade of Reconnaissance is a special surveillance unit and special military operation within the Russian Air Force, and is based near Moscow. Other Russian special units include:

• 7th Guard of the Airborne (Mount) Division at Novorossiysk (108th Regiment, 247)
• The 76th Airborne Division of the Air Attack at Pskov
• The 98th Air Division Guard at Ivanovo
• 106th Air Guard Division at Tula
• 11 Air Brigade Guards in Ulan-Ude
• The 31st Airborne Brigade Guard in Ulyanovsk ( is planned to be reffered as the 104th Air Guard Division )
• 56 Air Brigade Guards at Kamyshin
• 83 Air Brigade Guards at Ussuriysk
• 242 Training Center from VDV at Omsk
• 38 Airborne Brigade Guard at Medvezhi Ozera
• Russian Navy Infantry
• Multiple Spetsnaz Units

Sri Lanka

The Sri Lankan Army Command Regiment

South Africa

While the use of the word command comes to refer to various elite special operations forces units in other countries of the world, South Africa retains its original name as a well-regulated fast-regulated militia as well as a specially-defined operating troop unit around the world. mode. From the late 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century, Commando units in their original structures were used in urban and rural areas until the end of white rule in South Africa as part of the South African Command System.

When the white government is replaced by majority rule, the new democratic ANC government demands the dissolution of command they perceive as an obstacle to further democratic control and complaint infringement. Thus, with the integration of white towns with black cities, the new urban ANC-led government immediately disbanded the urban militia command unit.

With the election of Thabo Mbeki, the process of de-arming the white militia again commenced and was announced in 2003, that the rural commando will be dissolved. The last rural command was ordered to be dissolved by the central government over constitutional arguments.

The ANC government directs its attention to the Stake Command which is the first mixed race unit in the old SADF. During the period of rationalization, reorganization and integration, several Observatory Regiments (Nos. 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6) were dissolved and members were absorbed into the remaining 4 Special Forces Regiments (SFR) in Langebaan and 5 SFR at Phalaborwa as part of the Special Forces Brigade South Africa.

Swedish

• Special Operations Task Group (SOG)
• The life of the Hussars Regiment (K3)
• 32. Reconnaissance Battalion
• The Ranger Parachute Company (FJS)
• 31st Airborne Battalion
• Amphibian Corps
• First Marine Regiment (Amf 1)
• Coastal rangers (KustjÃÆ'¤garna) or KJ

Turkish

According to the 2008 formation there are 5 command brigades in the Turkish Army. The most famous are First Brigade Command and Mount Hakkari and Command Brigade. Turkish command usually wears a blue beret.

The First Command Brigade was involved in the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, and fought alongside the air command forces (Bolu) and the Naval Infantry Brigade (Izmir). In 1988, 7,000 commandos received training from the United States.

Mount Hakkari and the Command Brigade were established as a subunit of the 2nd Command Brigade and stationed in HakkÃÆ'Â ¢ ri Province in south-east Turkey. With the advent of the Kurdish rebellion, the existing formation has been enlarged from battalion size to brigade.

Ukraine

Airmobile Troops of Ukraine or VDV (from "Vysokomobil'ni desantni viyska Ukrayiny", Ukraine: ???????????????????????????????????????? High Speed ​​Air Force from Ukraine) is a very mobile component of the Ukrainian Army. Air power consists of Army formations, units and elements and Army flights, trained for joint activities behind enemy lines. The air power moves in constant combat readiness and is the power of highly capable troops. The 79th Airbobile Brigade recently gained fame in 2014. The Brigade took part in suppressing the 2014 uprising in Donbass during 2014 pro-Russian conflict in Ukraine. The brigade fought in the Second Battle of Donetsk Airport, where he and other Ukrainian military units were known as "Cyborgs" because of their harsh defenses from Donetsk Airport. Other Ukrainian units that took part in command operations:

• 25th Air Brigade
• 95th Airmobile Brigade
• 79th Airmobile Brigade
• 80th Airmobile Brigade
• 81 Airmobile-Assault Brigade
• 28th Training Battalion
• The 199th Training Center
• Ukrainian Navy Infantry

United Kingdom

Special Air Services (SAS) is a special forces unit of the British Army. SAS was founded in 1941 as a regiment, and was subsequently re-established as a corps in 1950. The unit performed a number of roles including secret reconnaissance, counter-terrorism, direct action, rescue of hostages and the gathering of human intelligence.

The Corps currently consists of 22 Special Air Service Regiments, regular components, under the operational command of the Royal Special Forces, and 21 (Artists) Special Air Services Regiments (Reserve) and 23 Special Air Services Regiments (Reserve), which are the reserve units below the operational command of First Intelligence, Reconnaissance and Reconnaissance Brigade.

The Special Boat Service (SBS) is described as a special British naval force and SAS sister unit. The operational capabilities of both units are generally the same, but SBS (which is the main contribution of Royal Navy to the UKSF) has additional training and equipment to lead in the maritime, amphibious and river environments. Both units are under the operational command of the Directorate General of Special Forces (DSF) and undergo an identical selection process, enjoying significant interoperability in training and operations.

3 Commando Brigade, Royal Marines are under the command of Fleet Commander Royal Navy. All Royal Marines (other than those in the Royal Marines Band Service) are trained in command when entering the Corps, with support units and individuals from other armed services conducting the All-Weapons Command Course as required.

The Brigade consists of 30 (IX) Commando, 40 Commando (Base: Taunton), 42 Commando (Bickleigh, South Hams, Plymouth), 43 Commando Fleet Protection Group (HMNB Clyde, Argyll and Bute), 45 Commando (Arbroath), Scotland) , Logistics Command Regiment, Royal Armed Forces Support Group (Bovington Camp), Dorset), 539 Assault Squadron RM, 29 Royal Artillery Regiment Command and 24 Commander of Regiment Engineer Regiment. Royal Marines are the largest of its kind in Europe and the second largest in NATO. The Royal Marines also have elite surveillance units known as the Patrol Force Brigade.

Parachute Regiment, colloquially known as Paras , is an Army elite air infantry regiment

Source of the article : Wikipedia