An immobilizer or immobilizer is an auto security device mounted on the car that prevents the engine from running unless the correct transponder car key (or other tokens)) present. This prevents the car from becoming a "heat cable" after entry has been achieved and thereby reduces motor vehicle theft. Research shows that uniform application of immobiliser reduces car theft rate by up to 40%.
Video Immobiliser
Description
The immobilizer system/electric alarm was created by St. George Evans and Edward Birkenbuel and patented in 1919. They developed a 3x3 grid dual contact switch on the panel mounted in the car so that when the ignition is switched on, the current from the battery (Or magneto) goes to the spark plug that allows the engine to start, or disable the vehicle and honked his horn. System settings can change every time the car is moved. The modern immobilizer system is automatic, meaning the owner does not have to remember to activate it.
Immobilisers have been required in all new cars sold in Germany since January 1, 1998, in the UK since October 1, 1998, in Finland since 1998, in Australia since 2001 and in Canada since 2007. The initial model uses static code in the ignition key (or key fob ) which is recognized by the RFID loop around the lock barrel and checks the vehicle engine control unit (ECU) for a match. If the code is not recognized, the ECU will not allow fuel flow and ignition to take place. Then the model uses advanced scrolling or cryptography codes to beat code copy from key or ECU.
The microcircuit inside the lock is activated by a small electromagnetic field that induces current flowing inside the key body, which in turn broadcasts a unique binary code read by the car's ECU. When the ECU determines that the encoded key is current and valid, the ECU activates the fuel injection sequence.
In some vehicles, attempts to use unauthorized or "non-sequential" keys cause the vehicle to activate unregulated start conditions and in some highly sophisticated systems, even using satellites or mobile phone communications to alert security firms that unauthorized attempts are made to lock code.
Incidentally, this information is often noted in modern car ECUs, which can record many other variables including speed, temperature, driver weight, geographic location, throttle position and yaw angle. This information may be used during an insurance investigation, warranty claim or technical problem solving.
Maps Immobiliser
Availability
Add-on immobilisers are available for older cars or vehicles that are not equipped with factory immobilisers. Insurance approval for immobilizer self-arming is known as "Thatcham 2" after the Motorcycle Insurance Research Center in Thatcham, England. Approved Immobilisers should cut at least two circuits; usually a low voltage ignition circuit and a fuel pump circuit. Some can also intercept the low current starter motor circuitry from the key switch to the relay.
Statistics in Australia show that three of the four vehicle thefts are old cars stolen for joyriding, transportation, or for other crimes. Immobilisers installed about 45% of all cars in Australia, but only accounted for 7% of the stolen cars. In many cases where a vehicle equipped with an immobilizer has been stolen, the thief has access to the original key. Only about one in four stolen vehicles are stolen by professional thieves. The majority of vehicles are stolen by opportunistic thieves who rely on the discovery of older vehicles that have ineffective or no security at all.
Honda was the first motorcycle manufacturer to include an immobilizer on its products in the 1990s.
In September 2007, Canada Transport regulations ordered the installation of immobilisers machines in all light vehicles and new trucks produced in Canada.
Cracking
Many vulnerabilities are found in immobilisers designed to protect modern cars from theft. Many vehicle immobilisers use Megamos-chip which proves to be easy to crack. Megamos transponders are one of the many different transponders found in the current immobilizer system and are also present in many different iterations. Real-world immobilizer hacking will occur in vehicles rather than locks. It will be faster to program new keys for vehicles than to try and clone existing keys, especially on modern vehicles.
Some immobilizer systems tend to remember last key codes for so long that they can even receive non-transponder keys even after a few minutes retrieve the original key from the ignition key.
Effectiveness
A 2016 study in the Economic Journal found that immobilizer lowered the overall car theft rate by about 40% between 1995 and 2008. The benefit in terms of preventing theft is at least three times higher than the cost of installing the device.
See also
- An anti-theft system
- Anti-piracy system
- Interlock locking device
- On-board diagnostics # Security issues
- Vehicle Theft Program
- Remote lockless system
- Smart key
- Lock (key)
References
External links
- Motorcycle Repair Research Center at Thatcham
- The Jealous Theft Program at the Canadian Insurance Bureau
- Instructions on how to change car keys
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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