The Governor of Edmund G. Brown California Aqueduct is a canal system, tunnels, and pipelines that deliver water collected from the Sierra Nevada Mountains and the valleys of Northern and Central California to Southern California. Named after California Governor Edmund Gerald "Pat" Brown Sr., 400 miles (640 km) of waterways is a key feature of the California Water State Project.
The channel starts at Clifton Court Forebay in the southwest corner of the Sacramento River Delta-San Joaquin. The water channel then headed south, eventually split into three branches: the Coastal Branch, ending at Lake Cachuma in Santa Barbara County; West Branch, bringing water to Castaic Lake in Los Angeles County; and East Branch, connect Silverwood Lake in San Bernardino County.
The Department of Water Resources (DWR) operates and maintains the California Water Line, including a pumped-storage power plant, the Gianelli Power Plant. Gianelli is located at the base of San Luis Dam, which forms the San Luis reservoir, the largest reservoir offshore in the United States.
The Castaic Power Plant, while similar and owned and operated by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Electricity, is located at the northern end of Castaic Lake, while Castaic Dam is located at the southern end.
Video California Aqueduct
Geological context
The central California Valley is surrounded by high mountains that erode into the valley itself. The valley somewhat bounced off the glacial ice age of recent interglacial. This region is prone to significant earthquakes because of the many faults and fault lines that pass through it.
The flatness of the valley base contrasts with the rugged hills or gentle mountains that are typical of most of California. The valley is thought to originate beneath the surface of the sea as an offshore area depressed by the subduction of Farallon Plates into a deeper trench offshore. The San Joaquin Fault is a prominent seismic feature of Central Valley.
The valley was then covered by the appointment of Ranges Beach, with its original outlet to Monterey Bay. The damage moved the Coast Ranges, and a new outlet developed near what is now San Francisco Bay.
For thousands of years, the valley was filled with sediments from this same range, as well as the Sierra Nevada stretching east; that filling eventually creates an incredible flatness just above the sea level; before California's flood control and drainage system was built, the annual snow thaw changed most of the valleys into the inland seas.
Maps California Aqueduct
Water system
The waterways begin in the San Joaquin-Sacramento River Delta at the Pumping Plant Bank, which pumps from Clifton Court Forebay. Water is pumped by Bank Pumping Plant into the Bethany Reservoir. Reservoir serves as a forebay for the South Bay Aqueduct through the South Bay Pumping Plant. From the Bethany Dam, the water flows with gravity of approximately 60 mi (97 km) to O'Neill Forebay in the San Luis Reservoir. From O'Neill Forebay, it flows about 16 mi (26 km) to the Dos Amigos Pump Factory. After Dos Amigos, the water channel flows about 95 mi (153 km) to where the Coastal Branch is split from the "main lane". This separation is about 16 miles (26 km) south-southeast of Kettleman City. After the coastline, the line continues with another 66-mile (106 km) gravity to the Buena Vista Pumping Plant. From Buena Vista, it flows about 27 million (43 km) to the Teerink Pumping Plant. After Teerink flows about 2.5 mi (4.0 km) to the Chrisman Pump Factory. Chrisman is the last pumping plant before Edmonston Pumping Plant, 13 miles (21 km) away from Chrisman. To the south of the plant, the western branch is divided southwest to serve the Los Angeles Valley. At Edmonston Pumping Plant is pumped 1.926 ft (587 m) above the Tehachapi Mountains.
Water flows through aqueducts in a series of sudden rises and falls gradually. Water flows down a long segment, built at a slight rate, and arrives at a pumping station powered by Line 66 or Line 15. The pumping station raises the water, where again it gradually flows down to the next station. However, where there are substantial drops, the potential energy of water is recaptured by hydroelectric power. The initial pumping station fed by the Sacramento River Delta raises 240 ft (73 m) water, while a series of pumps culminating in the Edmonston Pumping Plant raise the water 1,926 ft (587 m) above the Tehachapi Mountains. The Edmonston Pumping Station requires so much power that multiple power lines outside Line 15 and Line 26 are required to ensure proper pump operation.
The typical section has a 40-foot (12 m) concrete plated channel at the base and an average water depth of about 30 ft (9.1 m). The widest part of the drains is 110 feet (34 m) and the deepest is 32 feet (9.8 m). The channel capacity is 13,100 cubic feet per second (370 m 3 /s) and the capacity of the largest pumping plant in Dos Amigos is 15,450 cubic feet per second (437 m 3 /s).
Branch
From start to first branch, the water channel passes through Contra Costa, Alameda, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Merced, Fresno and Kings counties. The waterways are then divided into three branches: Coastal Branch in the Central Valley, and East and Western Branch after passing through Tehachapi Mountains.
Coastal Branch
The Coastal Branch is divided from the 11.3 mi (18.2 km) main route southeast of Kettleman City that crosses Kings County, Kern County, San Luis Obispo County and Santa Barbara County to deliver water to the coastal towns of San Luis Obispo, Santa Maria , and Santa Barbara. Coastal Branches are 116Ã, Â ± 187 km and five pumping stations. Phase I, a water canal over a total of 15 mi (24 km) from which it branched off from the California Aqueduct, was completed in 1968. With construction commencing in 1994, Phase II consists of 101 mi (163 km) of 42-57- inch (1.07-1.45 m) diameter of the planted pipe extending from the Devils Den Pump Plant, and ending at Tank 5 at Vandenberg Air Force Base in Santa Barbara County. The Central Coast Water Authority (CCWA) authority, completed in 1997, is a 30-39 inch (76-99 cm) diameter pipe running 42 miles (68 km) from Vandenberg through Vandenberg, Lompoc, Buellton and Solvang Villages. where it ends at Lake Cachuma in Los Padres National Forest.
Eastern Branch
The water channel is divided into the East Branch and West Branch in the extreme south of Kern County, north of the Los Angeles County line. The Eastern Branch supplies Lake Palmdale and ends at Lake Perris, in the San Gorgonio Pass area. It passes through parts of Kern, Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and Riverside counties.
Western Branch
The Western branch continues to its end on the Pyramid Lake and Castaic Lake in the Angeles National Forest to supply the western basin of Los Angeles. It passes through parts of Kern and Los Angeles County.
Bikeway
When it's open, the California Aqueduct Bikeway is the longest of the paved roads in the Los Angeles area, at 107 miles (172 km) long from Lake Quail near Gorman through the desert to Silverwood Lake in the San Bernardino Mountains. The line was closed in 1988 due to safety concerns and cyclist responsibilities. Expected to remain seamlessly closed due to ongoing liability issues and increased focus on security, especially after the September 11, 2001 attacks.
Pumping stations
- Phase I, Channels
- Las Perillas Pumping Plant 35,843143 Â ° N 119,909055 Â ° W / 35,843143; -119.909055 , Kings County
- Badger Pumping Factory 35.834680 Â ° N 119.942658 Â ° W / 35.834680; -119.942658 , Kings County
- Phase II, Pipeline and Tunnel
- Devil's Den Pumping Plant 35,711935 Â ° N 120,010958 Â ° W / 35,711935; -120.010958 , Kern County
- Bluestone Pumping Plant 35.707946 Â ° N 120,084429 Â ° W / 35.707946; -120.084429 , Kern County
- Polonio Pass Pumping Plant 35.731046 Â ° N 120.207682 Â ° W / 35.731046; -120.207682 , San Luis Obispo County
Hydrography
Two major river systems drain and define two parts of the Central Valley. The impact on California's waterways is direct and indirect. The Sacramento River, along with its tributaries the Feather River and American River, flows south through the Sacramento Valley about 447 miles (719 km). In San Joaquin Valley, the San Joaquin River flows roughly to the northwest as far as 365 miles (587 km), taking tributaries such as Merced River, Tuolumne River, Stanislaus River, and Mokelumne River.
In the southern part of the San Joaquin Valley, alluvial fans of the Kings River and one from the rivers of the Coast Ranges have created a split and produced the currently dry Tulare basin in the Central Valley, where four great rivers of Sierra Nevada, King, Kaweah, Tule and Kern. This basin, usually endorheic, was previously filled during heavy snow melting and spilled into the San Joaquin River. Called Lake Tulare, it is usually dry today because the rivers that feed it have been diverted for agricultural purposes.
The rivers in Central Valley meet in Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, an elaborate network of marshy, distribution and slough channels that revolve around islands commonly used for farming. Here the freshwater of the river blends with the sea water, and finally reaches the Pacific Ocean after passing through the Gulf of Suisun, San Pablo Bay, the upper San Francisco Bay and finally the Golden Gate. Many islands are now under the sea because of intensive agriculture, and have a high risk of flooding, which will cause the brine to return immediately to the delta, especially when too little fresh water flows from the Valley.
The Sacramento River brings much more water than San Joaquin, with about 22 million acres feet of annual virgin runoff, compared to San Joaquin about 6 million feet (7.4 million ft). km 3 ). Intensive agricultural and urban water consumption has reduced the rate of outflow to about 17 million feet (21 km 3 ) for Sacramento and 3 million square feet (3.7 km 3 ) to San Joaquin; However, these figures still vary greatly from year to year. More than 25 million people, living in the valley as well as in other parts of the state, depend on the water carried by these rivers.
In popular culture
A documentary about the declining infrastructure of the United States, The Crumbling of America, was commissioned by the U.S. network. A & E in the late 2000s. This documentary is usually featured on the History television channel in the United States, although other educational broadcasters globally have demonstrated it. It features Clifton Court Forebay (the main intake point for California Aqueduct) as "a strategic part of California freshwater infrastructure" subject to closure of up to two years if it is attacked by an earthquake of magnitude 7.5 or greater.
See also
- California Water State Project
- Colorado River, Aqueduct
- Los Angeles Aqueduct
References
External links
- The California Department of Water Resources website
- Historical Pump-Storage Operations at WSCC
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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